Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar

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Lindsay, Debra. 1993. Science in the Subarctic: Trappers, Traders, and the Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Loring, Stephen. 1996. Community Anthropology at the Smithsonian. American Anthropological Association. Anthropology Newsletter, October: 23– 24. ———. 1998. “Stubborn Independence: An Essay on the Innu and Archaeology.” In Bringing Back the Past, Historical Perspectives on Canadian Archaeology, ed. Pamela Jane Smith and Donald Mitchell, pp. 259– 276. Mercury Series Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper 158. Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization. ———. 2001a. “Introduction to Lucien M. Turner and the Beginnings of Smithsonian Anthropology in the North.” In Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory by Lucien Turner, pp. vii– xxxii. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ———. 2001b. “Repatriation and Community Anthropology: The Smithsonian Institution’s Arctic Studies Center.” In The Future of the Past: Archaeologists, Native Americans, and Repatriation, ed. Tamara Bray, pp. 185– 200. New York: Garland. ———. 2008. “The Wind Blows Everything Off the Ground: New Provisions and New Directions in Archaeological Research in the North.” In Opening Archaeology: the Impact of Repatriation on the Discipline, ed. Thomas Killion, pp. 181– 194. Santa Fe, N.Mex.: School of American Research. ———. 2009. “From Tent to Trading Post and Back Again: Smithsonian Anthropology in Nunavut, Nunavik, Nitassinan, and Nunatsiavut— The Changing IPY Agenda, 1882–2007.” In Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar Year Science, ed. I. Krupnik, M. A. Lang, and S. E. Miller, pp. 115–128. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. Loring, Stephen, and Leah Rosenmeier, eds. 2005. Angutiup ânguanga/ Anguti’s Amulet. Truro, Nova Scotia: Eastern Woodland Publishing, Milbrook First Nation. Mason, Otis P. 1891. The Ulu, or Woman’s Knife, of the Eskimo. Annual Report of the United States National Museum for 1890, pp. 411– 416. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. ———.1896. Infl uence of Environment upon Human Industries or Arts. Annual Report of the United States National Museum for 1890. Part I, pp. 639– 665. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. ———. 1902. Aboriginal American Harpoons: A Study in Ethnic Distribution and Invention. Annual Report of the United States National Museum for 1900, pp. 189– 304. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. Murdoch, John. 1892. Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition. Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology 1887– 88. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2008. NOAA at the Poles: International Polar Year 2007– 2008. Exploring and Understanding a Changing Planet During the 4th International Polar Year 2007– 2008. CD and website presentation. Nelson, Edward W. 1899. The Eskimos about Bering Strait. Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896– 1897. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. (Reprinted 1983, Smithsonian Institution Press.) Pika, T. I. 1998. The Land of Yamal: Photographs of the Yamal Expeditions of Vladimir Evladov, 1926–1936. Bilingual Russian-English Catalog. Moscow: Sovetskii Sport. Pitul’ko, Vladimir V. 2001. Terminal Pleistocene– Early Holocene Occupation in Northeast Asia and the Zhokhov Assemblage. Quaternary Science Review, 20: 267– 275. “OF NO ORDINARY IMPORTANCE” 77 Pullar, Gordon. 2001. “Contemporary Alutiiq Identity.” In Looking Both Ways: Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People, ed. Aron Crowell, Amy Steffi an, and Gordon Pullar, pp. 73– 98. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press. Ray, Patrick Henry. 1885. “Ethnological Sketch of the Natives of Point Barrow.” In Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, in Response to the Resolution of the House of Representatives of December 11, 1884, Part III, pp. 35– 60. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. Rivinus, E. F., and E. M. Youssef. 1992. Spencer Baird of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Rowley, Susan. 1988. Inua: Spirit World of the Bering Sea Eskimo. Catalog for an exhibition presented by the United States of America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution and United States Information Agency. Scott, G. Richard. 1994. “Teeth and Prehistory on Kodiak Island.” In Reckoning with the Dead: The Larsen Bay Repatriation and the Smithsonian Institution, ed. Tamara L. Bray and Thomas W. Killion, pp. 67– 75. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Sherwood, Morgan. 1965. Exploration of Alaska 1865– 1900. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report (SIAR). 1860. Smithsonian Institution Annual Reports and United States National Museum Annual Reports, 1866– 1996. Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C. SIA Acc. 98- 159. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report (SIAR). 1862. Smithsonian Institution Annual Reports and United States National Museum Annual Reports, 1866– 1996. Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C. SIA Acc. 98- 159. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report (SIAR). 1863. Smithsonian Institution Annual Reports and United States National Museum Annual Reports, 1866– 1996. Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C. SIA Acc. 98- 159. Turner, Lucien. 1894. Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory. Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for the Years 1889– 1890, ed. John Murdoch, pp. 159– 350. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Offi ce. Whymper, Frederick. 1869. Travel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska. New York: Harper and Bros. Wood, Kevin R., and James E. Overland. 2006. Climate Lessons from the First International Polar Year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87: 1685– 1697. WEBSITE RESOURCES Smithsonian Institution http://anthropology.si.edu http://anthropology.si.edu/repatriation www.mnh.si.edu/arctic International Polar Year www.ipy.org Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely http://forces.si.edu/arctic National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration www.arctic.noaa.gov Sharing Knowledge, ASC Alaska Collection Project http://alaska.si.edu
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Smithsonian at the Poles Contributi
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Contents FOREWORD by Ira Rubinoff i
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Elaina Jorgensen, Alaska Fisheries
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CONTENTS vii Watching Star Birth fr
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x SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES blooms i
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xii SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES Change
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xiv SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES Museum
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Advancing Polar Research and Commun
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James P. Espy (1785- 1860), the fi
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ology fueled hopes that the scienti
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Meteorologists also provided critic
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visualize weather patterns remotely
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in ice sheets. The latest collapse
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Cooperation at the Poles? Placing t
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British Association for the Advance
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cations, in which the Smithsonian s
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ence” (Robinson, 2006: 76), he ha
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Taylor, C. J. 1981. First Internati
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24 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KORSM
Page 43 and 44: 26 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KORSM
Page 53 and 54: 36 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / De VO
Page 66 and 67: From Ballooning in the Arctic to 10
Page 68 and 69: ern Svalbard in 1896 (Capelotti, 19
Page 70 and 71: FIGURE 2. The Andrée campsite in 1
Page 72 and 73: National Zoo in Washington, D.C.—
Page 74 and 75: FROM BALLOONING TO 10,000-FOOT RUNW
Page 76 and 77: e rapidly deployed to South America
Page 78 and 79: “Of No Ordinary Importance”: Re
Page 80 and 81: 1942). Ethnological collecting had
Page 82 and 83: group. More importantly, Murdoch’
Page 84 and 85: gan to study the question of Indian
Page 86 and 87: small museums and culture centers i
Page 88 and 89: fer of Alaskan objects and informat
Page 90 and 91: fi rst time in polar research— di
Page 92 and 93: Boas, Franz. 1888a. “The Central
Page 96 and 97: Yup’ik Eskimo Contributions to Ar
Page 98 and 99: FIGURE 1. Map of Southwest Alaska,
Page 100 and 101: 2002 hit D.C. the night before we w
Page 102 and 103: elating in Yup’ik how the goggles
Page 104 and 105: important instructions that guided
Page 106 and 107: Smithsonian Contributions to Alaska
Page 108 and 109: considerable hostility, met Kasheva
Page 110 and 111: 372, 374, 423) cite Herendeen as ha
Page 112 and 113: tells how many of them were made. I
Page 114 and 115: LITERATURE CITED Barr, William, ed.
Page 116 and 117: The Art of Iñupiaq Whaling: Elders
Page 118 and 119: the whaling industry shifted its fo
Page 120 and 121: FIGURE 3. Umialik sitting beneath w
Page 122 and 123: FIGURE 4. Harpoon rest, Barrow, 188
Page 124 and 125: FIGURE 7. Whale plaque/seat for umi
Page 126 and 127: An ivory handle with whale fi gures
Page 128 and 129: lages would still be whaling and th
Page 130: Simpson, J. 1875. “Observations o
Page 133 and 134: 116 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / LORI
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“The Way We See It Coming”: Bui
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their environmental expertise is va
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words, upon multifaceted data colle
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FIGURE 4. Leonard Apangalook Sr., S
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FIGURE 9. Hunting in boats in dense
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we hunt, are truly at the mercy of
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Bobylev, L. H. Pettersson, K. Hasse
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Species Diversity and Distributions
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(1971) on postnaupliar developmenta
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Descriptions of the geographical di
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this same inshore habitat (Fontaine
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unpublished observations); this spe
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off Uruguay (34º43�S, 49º28�W
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Region Species name Abundance 1 2 3
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PELAGIC CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE SO
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four percent of these species have
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TABLE 7. Very common deepwater cala
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PELAGIC CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE SO
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Ocean endemic. These two species, t
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Candacia falcifera Calanus australi
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occur broadly throughout the world
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———. 1893. Systematik und Fau
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Steuer, A., and E. Hentschel. 1937.
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Euaugaptilus nodifrons (Sars, 1905)
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Paralabidocera hodgsoni Wolfenden,
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Augaptilidae Augaptilus Centraugapt
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182 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / PEAR
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198 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / VECC
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Cold Comfort: Systematics and Biolo
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we attempted to learn more about th
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BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF ANTARCTIC BR
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yozoans (14.6%) and coelenterates,
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Himantozoum, and Kymella, averaging
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nanoplankton making up 83% of phyto
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SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY OF ANTARCTI
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of benthic-pelagic coupling, factor
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Waters, A. W. 1904. Bryozoa. Result
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224 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / NWEE
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242 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / LANG
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254 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / MARS
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Milestones in the Study of Diving P
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airstrip and a few offshore marine
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(Falke et al., 1985) (Figure 3). Th
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Interannual and Spatial Variability
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FIGURE 1. The project study area sh
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transects. Transects radiated from
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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN LIGHT AT
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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN LIGHT AT
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TABLE 4. Mean PAR for each site for
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We derived measures of light attenu
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Life under Antarctic Pack Ice: A Kr
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primary producers and the upper tro
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Variability in the environment, inc
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TABLE 1. Diving projects at Palmer
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FIGURE 2. Growth rate (mm d �1 )
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has declined by 40%- 45% (Figure 4)
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Melnikov, I. 1998. Winter Productio
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Inhibition of Phytoplankton and Bac
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MATERIALS AND METHODS IRRADIANCE ME
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are seen to increase along with the
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INHIBITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND BAC
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Cullen, J. J., and P. J. Neale. 199
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Southern Ocean Primary Productivity
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ary at 58ºS. Ice concentrations an
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FIGURE 3. Mean monthly productivity
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Ross Sea. Tremblay and Smith (2007,
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and will provide insights into the
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Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matt
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concentrations are lower and the wa
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from 400 to 700 nm. The irradiance
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DOWNWELLING ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT
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y-intercept in Figure 7C denotes th
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our cruise, chl a concentrations va
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in coastal environments and propert
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Derived Organic Matter. Limnology a
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336 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / EISE
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348 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / RUIZ
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360 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / WILS
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Feeding the Black Hole at the Cente
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WHAT IS THIS GAS DOING? Much has be
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HEAT: The High Elevation Antarctic
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star formation rate, so that we mig
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timately covering up to 240 square
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spheric opacity above the site is e
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382 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / TOTH
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388 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / MCCO
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396 INDEX Antarctic Circumpolar Cur
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398 INDEX Dall, William Healy, 18,
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400 INDEX International Polar Year,
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402 INDEX NMAI. See National Museum
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404 INDEX crustaceans, 191-192 iron
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