Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar

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CONTENTS vii Watching Star Birth from the Antarctic Plateau 381 Nick F. H. Tothill, University of Exeter Mark J. McCaughrean, University of Exeter Christopher K. Walker, University of Arizona, Tucson Craig Kulesa, University of Arizona, Tucson Andrea Loehr, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Stephen Parshley, Cornell University Antarctic Meteorites: Exploring the Solar System from the Ice 387 Timothy J. McCoy, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Linda C. Welzenbach, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Catherine M. Corrigan, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution INDEX 395
Page 2 and 3: Smithsonian at the Poles Contributi
Page 4 and 5: Contents FOREWORD by Ira Rubinoff i
Page 6 and 7: Elaina Jorgensen, Alaska Fisheries
Page 10 and 11: Foreword On behalf of Smithsonian c
Page 12 and 13: Executive Summary Smithsonian at th
Page 14 and 15: “Smithsonian at the Poles”: A 1
Page 16: offers an unparalleled vantage poin
Page 19 and 20: 2 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / FLEMIN
Page 27 and 28: 10 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / FLEMI
Page 29 and 30: 12 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / FLEMI
Page 31 and 32: 14 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / ROTHE
Page 40 and 41: The Policy Process and the Internat
Page 42 and 43: in the 1930s, played a key role in
Page 44 and 45: tional scientifi c organizations fi
Page 46 and 47: see it move out where it will do go
Page 48 and 49: the world were encouraged to ensure
Page 50 and 51: NOTE 1. In a similar fashion, the p
Page 52 and 53: Preserving the Origins of the Space
Page 54 and 55: as excess property and become commo
Page 56 and 57: Sputniks. There is nothing in the c
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it something useful within 90 days,
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IGY-RELATED COLLECTIONS: LAUNCH VEH
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and Van Allen played a signifi cant
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events, episodes and eras that made
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50 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / BROAD
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62 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / FITZH
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Yup’ik Eskimo Contributions to Ar
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FIGURE 1. Map of Southwest Alaska,
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2002 hit D.C. the night before we w
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elating in Yup’ik how the goggles
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important instructions that guided
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Smithsonian Contributions to Alaska
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considerable hostility, met Kasheva
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372, 374, 423) cite Herendeen as ha
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tells how many of them were made. I
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LITERATURE CITED Barr, William, ed.
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The Art of Iñupiaq Whaling: Elders
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the whaling industry shifted its fo
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FIGURE 3. Umialik sitting beneath w
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FIGURE 4. Harpoon rest, Barrow, 188
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FIGURE 7. Whale plaque/seat for umi
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An ivory handle with whale fi gures
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lages would still be whaling and th
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Simpson, J. 1875. “Observations o
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116 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / LORI
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“The Way We See It Coming”: Bui
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their environmental expertise is va
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words, upon multifaceted data colle
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FIGURE 4. Leonard Apangalook Sr., S
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FIGURE 9. Hunting in boats in dense
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we hunt, are truly at the mercy of
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Bobylev, L. H. Pettersson, K. Hasse
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Species Diversity and Distributions
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(1971) on postnaupliar developmenta
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Descriptions of the geographical di
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this same inshore habitat (Fontaine
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unpublished observations); this spe
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off Uruguay (34º43�S, 49º28�W
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Region Species name Abundance 1 2 3
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PELAGIC CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE SO
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four percent of these species have
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TABLE 7. Very common deepwater cala
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PELAGIC CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE SO
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Ocean endemic. These two species, t
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Candacia falcifera Calanus australi
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occur broadly throughout the world
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———. 1893. Systematik und Fau
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Steuer, A., and E. Hentschel. 1937.
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Euaugaptilus nodifrons (Sars, 1905)
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Paralabidocera hodgsoni Wolfenden,
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Augaptilidae Augaptilus Centraugapt
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182 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / PEAR
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198 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / VECC
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Cold Comfort: Systematics and Biolo
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we attempted to learn more about th
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BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF ANTARCTIC BR
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yozoans (14.6%) and coelenterates,
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Himantozoum, and Kymella, averaging
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nanoplankton making up 83% of phyto
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SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY OF ANTARCTI
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of benthic-pelagic coupling, factor
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Waters, A. W. 1904. Bryozoa. Result
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224 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / NWEE
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242 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / LANG
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254 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / MARS
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Milestones in the Study of Diving P
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airstrip and a few offshore marine
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(Falke et al., 1985) (Figure 3). Th
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Interannual and Spatial Variability
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FIGURE 1. The project study area sh
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transects. Transects radiated from
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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN LIGHT AT
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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN LIGHT AT
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TABLE 4. Mean PAR for each site for
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We derived measures of light attenu
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Life under Antarctic Pack Ice: A Kr
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primary producers and the upper tro
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Variability in the environment, inc
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TABLE 1. Diving projects at Palmer
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FIGURE 2. Growth rate (mm d �1 )
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has declined by 40%- 45% (Figure 4)
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Melnikov, I. 1998. Winter Productio
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Inhibition of Phytoplankton and Bac
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MATERIALS AND METHODS IRRADIANCE ME
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are seen to increase along with the
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INHIBITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND BAC
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Cullen, J. J., and P. J. Neale. 199
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Southern Ocean Primary Productivity
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ary at 58ºS. Ice concentrations an
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FIGURE 3. Mean monthly productivity
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Ross Sea. Tremblay and Smith (2007,
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and will provide insights into the
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Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matt
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concentrations are lower and the wa
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from 400 to 700 nm. The irradiance
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DOWNWELLING ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT
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y-intercept in Figure 7C denotes th
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our cruise, chl a concentrations va
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in coastal environments and propert
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Derived Organic Matter. Limnology a
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336 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / EISE
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348 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / RUIZ
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360 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / WILS
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Feeding the Black Hole at the Cente
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WHAT IS THIS GAS DOING? Much has be
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HEAT: The High Elevation Antarctic
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star formation rate, so that we mig
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timately covering up to 240 square
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spheric opacity above the site is e
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382 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / TOTH
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388 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / MCCO
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396 INDEX Antarctic Circumpolar Cur
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398 INDEX Dall, William Healy, 18,
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400 INDEX International Polar Year,
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402 INDEX NMAI. See National Museum
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404 INDEX crustaceans, 191-192 iron
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