User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

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The Views are XForms controls for screen elements and can be placed directly in the visible section of web page. They are usually placed in the elements of a web page. The model and views are bound together using reference or binding statements. These binding statements are used by the XForms dependency graph to ensure that the correct views are updated when data in the model changes. This means that forms developers do not need to be able to understand either the push or pull models of event processing. Controller All mouse events are processed by XForms controls and XML events are dispatched. 3.5 Implementations of MVC as GUI frameworks Smalltalk's MVC implementation inspired many other GUI frameworks, such as the following: Cocoa framework and its GUI part AppKit, as a direct descendant of OpenStep, encourage the use of MVC. Interface Builder constructs Views, and connects them to Controllers via Outlets and Actions. GNUstep, also based on OpenStep, encourages MVC as well. GTK+. JFace. MFC (called Document/View architecture here). Microsoft Composite UI Application Block, part of the Microsoft Enterprise Library. Qt since Qt4 release. Java Swing. Adobe Flex. Wavemaker open source, browser-based development tool based on MVC. WPF uses a similar Model–view–viewmodel pattern. Visual FoxExpress is a Visual FoxPro MVC framework. Exercise:- Search the internet and find out about the implementation strategies of the mentioned framework. Some common programming languages and tools that support the implementation of MVC are:- .NET Actionscript ASP C++ ColdFusion Flex Java Informix 4GL Lua Perl 146
PHP Python Ruby Smalltalk XML 4.0 CONCLUSION In this unit you, have been introduced to the model view-controller (MVC). We also discussed in detail the history of MVC, pattern description, MVC implementation framework and how to implement MVC as GUI frameworks. 5.0 SUMMARY • The Model–view–controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern used in software engineering. The pattern isolates business logic from input and presentation, permitting independent development; testing and maintenance of each.requirements of your users drive the development of your prototype. • MVC was first described in 1979 by Trygve Reenskaug, then working on Smalltalk at Xerox PARC. • Model–view–controller is both an architectural pattern and a design pattern, depending on where it is used. • GUI framework includes Java Swing, Combined and XForms • Java Swing is different from the other frameworks in that it supports two MVC patterns: model and controller. • Combined frameworks uses only Java Servlets and JavaServer Pages from Java EE. • XForms is an XML format for the specification of a data processing model for XML data and user interface(s) for the XML data, such as web forms. • Smalltalk's MVC implementation inspired many other GUI frameworks, such as Cocoa framework, GNUstep, GTK+, e.t.c 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT. a. List and explain any two implementation of MVC as GUI framework. b. Write a short note on Xforms. 7.0 FURTHER READING AND OTHER RESOURCES Boodhoo, Jean-Paul (August 2006). "Design Patterns: Model View Presenter". http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188690.aspx. Retrieved on 2009-07-07. World Wide Web Consortium (December 9, 2008). "The Forms Working Group". http:// www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/. Retrieved on 2009-07-07. "JavascriptMVC Learning Center". http://www.javascriptmvc.com. 147
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] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
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National Open University of Nigeria
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Summary ...........................
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UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
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Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
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2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
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need both the study unit you are wo
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CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
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UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
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3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
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3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
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3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
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widgets properly is to read and und
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Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
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6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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A graphical user interface is a typ
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Operating System. It is easy for a
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A list of items from which to selec
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collaborative work. For example, sc
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MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
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3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
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window blinds to automobile braking
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Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
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The International Ergonomics Associ
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approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
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3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
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Another key to reducing lumbar disc
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MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
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methods include inspection methods,
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Determine time of each operation (b
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unable to understand new informatio
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M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
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Motor skill which is a learned seri
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MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
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The users of a system must be ident
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This example brings up an important
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whether you want to have a palette
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Task analysis which includes identi
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MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
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or small body text is also hard to
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Introduction to User-centered desig
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organizations themselves. Interacti
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After thorough analysis using vario
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Interaction design which is the dis
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In human-computer interaction and c
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The preferred method for ensuring u
Page 96 and 97: 3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
Page 98 and 99: In this unit, you have been introdu
Page 100 and 101: affect the way the command is execu
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Page 104 and 105: The term direct manipulation was in
Page 106 and 107: There are two important reasons for
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Page 110 and 111: UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
Page 112 and 113: Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
Page 114 and 115: select print Figure 13: An interfac
Page 116 and 117: Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
Page 118 and 119: 3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
Page 120 and 121: Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
Page 122 and 123: Much more important for features th
Page 124 and 125: DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
Page 126 and 127: • Encourage menu & forms style, r
Page 128 and 129: Another problem is that native widg
Page 130 and 131: interfaces, so that a realistic sim
Page 132 and 133: UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
Page 134 and 135: Recall that perceptual fusion means
Page 136 and 137: 3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
Page 138 and 139: directly-mapped pixel image will no
Page 140 and 141: Most stroke models also include som
Page 142 and 143: UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
Page 144 and 145: 3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
Page 148 and 149: UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
Page 150 and 151: 3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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Page 154 and 155: MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
Page 156 and 157: a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
Page 158 and 159: Rapid prototyping is a method used
Page 160 and 161: 3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
Page 162 and 163: Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
Page 164 and 165: the users' respect for you as a pro
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Page 170 and 171: Table 4:- Table: Average times for
Page 172 and 173: phases: list the actions, and then
Page 174 and 175: Nielsen and Molich used their own e
Page 176 and 177: 7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Page 178 and 179: users. If you do not, you can be ba
Page 180 and 181: If you are led to develop more and
Page 182 and 183: It's very easy to shape the comment
Page 184 and 185: a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
Page 186 and 187: you use. But then you need some way
Page 188 and 189: ecruit test users with more similar
Page 190 and 191: MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
Page 192 and 193: 3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
Page 194 and 195: 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
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It provides a real focal point for
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3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
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The stages involved in usability te
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