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3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES While the HCI community has come a long way in developing and using methods to evaluate usability, the problem is by no means solved. This chapter has described three basic methods for evaluation but there is not yet agreement in the community about which evaluation is more useful than another. Although a number of studies have been done to compare these methods, the comparison is difficult and flaws have been pointed out in a number of these studies. First, there is the issue of using experimental (user-centered) methods to obtain answers to large questions of usability as opposed to the more narrow questions that are the more traditional use for experimental methods. A second issue is what should be used for the comparison? Should user-centered methods be considered as the ground truth? All usability tests are not created equal. There are certainly flaws in the way tests are design, conducted, and analyzed. . While individual methods have limitations and can be flawed in their implementation, it is certain that performing some evaluation methodology is better than doing nothing. The current best practice is to use a number of different evaluation methodologies to provide rich data on usability. Evaluation methodologies were, for the most part, developed to evaluate the usability of desk-top systems. The current focus in technology development of mobile and ubiquitous computing presents challenges for current usability evaluation methods. Laboratory evaluations will be hard pressed to simulate use conditions for these applications. Going out into the field to evaluate use places constraints on how early evaluations can be done. Mobile and multi-user systems must be evaluated for privacy and any usability issues entailed in setting up, configuring, and using such policies. The use of such devices in the context of doing other work also has implications for determining the context of use for usability testing. We need to test car navigation systems in the car – not the usability lab. Technology is being used by more users. The range of users using mobile phones, for example, means that representative users need to be selected from teenagers to grandparents. The accessibility laws in the United States require that federal information is accessible by persons with disabilities. Again, this requires inclusion of more users from the disable population in user-centered evaluations. Web sites are also of interest in usability evaluation. Again, there is a matter of a broad user population. Design and development cycles in web site development are extremely fast and doing extensive usability evaluation is usually not feasible. Usability practitioners are looking at remote testing methods to more closely replicate context of usage for web site evaluation. International standards exist for user centered design processes, documentation, and user interfaces. Usability is becoming a requirement for companies in purchasing software as they recognize that unusable software will increase the total cost of ownership. New usability evaluation methodologies will be developed to meet the demands of our technology-focused society. Researchers and practitioners in usability will need to join forces to meet this challenge.
4.0 CONCLUSION In this unit, you have been introduced to evaluation issues. Advantages and disadvantages of model based evaluations techniques and current issues concerning evaluation methodologies were discussed. 5.0 SUMMARY EPIC (Executive-Process/Interactive Control) system simulates the human perceptual and motor performance system. ACT-IF model was developed to use in testing simulated users interacting with designs for web sites and predicts optimal behaviour in large collections of web documents. The use of models to predict user behaviour is less expensive than empirical, user-centred evaluations and this is it main advantage. The main disadvantage of models is that it is time consuming. 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT What is the significance of EPIC (Executive-Process/Interactive Control) system? 7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING Mayhew, D. 1999. The Usability Engineering Lifecycle. San Francisco,CA: Morgan Kauffman. MODULE 4 UNIT 5 USABILITY TESTING PROCEDURE Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Main Content 3.1 Introduction to usability testing 3.2 Preparing for usability testing 3.3 Six stages of conducting a usability test 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Summary 6.0 Tutor Marked Assignment 7.0 Further Reading and Other Resources 1.0 INTRODUCTION After designing and implementing user interface, it is important to determine the acceptability of the user interface using usability testing. The steps involved and the techniques of usability testing are discussed in this unit.
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] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
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National Open University of Nigeria
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Summary ...........................
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UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
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Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
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2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
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need both the study unit you are wo
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CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
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UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
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3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
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3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
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3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
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widgets properly is to read and und
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Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
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6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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A graphical user interface is a typ
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Operating System. It is easy for a
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A list of items from which to selec
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collaborative work. For example, sc
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MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
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3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
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window blinds to automobile braking
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Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
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The International Ergonomics Associ
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approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
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3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
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Another key to reducing lumbar disc
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MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
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methods include inspection methods,
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Determine time of each operation (b
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unable to understand new informatio
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M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
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Motor skill which is a learned seri
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MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
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The users of a system must be ident
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This example brings up an important
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whether you want to have a palette
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Task analysis which includes identi
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MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
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or small body text is also hard to
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Introduction to User-centered desig
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organizations themselves. Interacti
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After thorough analysis using vario
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Interaction design which is the dis
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In human-computer interaction and c
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The preferred method for ensuring u
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3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
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In this unit, you have been introdu
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affect the way the command is execu
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• Guides the user via the predefi
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The term direct manipulation was in
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There are two important reasons for
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UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
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Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
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select print Figure 13: An interfac
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Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
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3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
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Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
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Much more important for features th
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DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
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• Encourage menu & forms style, r
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Another problem is that native widg
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interfaces, so that a realistic sim
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UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
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Recall that perceptual fusion means
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3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
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directly-mapped pixel image will no
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Most stroke models also include som
Page 142 and 143: UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
Page 144 and 145: 3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
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Page 148 and 149: UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
Page 150 and 151: 3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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Page 154 and 155: MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
Page 156 and 157: a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
Page 158 and 159: Rapid prototyping is a method used
Page 160 and 161: 3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
Page 162 and 163: Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
Page 164 and 165: the users' respect for you as a pro
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Page 168 and 169: speed whenever the average load was
Page 170 and 171: Table 4:- Table: Average times for
Page 172 and 173: phases: list the actions, and then
Page 174 and 175: Nielsen and Molich used their own e
Page 176 and 177: 7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Page 178 and 179: users. If you do not, you can be ba
Page 180 and 181: If you are led to develop more and
Page 182 and 183: It's very easy to shape the comment
Page 184 and 185: a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
Page 186 and 187: you use. But then you need some way
Page 188 and 189: ecruit test users with more similar
Page 190 and 191: MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
Page 194 and 195: 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
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Page 198 and 199: 3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
Page 200: The stages involved in usability te
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