User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

or small body text is also hard to read. (Screen size of 10-12 pixel sans-serif nand 12-16 pixel serif is recommended.) High figure-ground contrast between text and background increases legibility. Dark text against a light background is most legible. d. Language Depending on the rhetorical situation certain types of language are needed. Short sentences are helpful, as well as short, well written texts used in explanations and similar bulk-text situations. Unless the situation calls for it don’t use jargon or technical terms. Many writers will choose to use active voice, verbs (instead of noun strings or nominals), and simple sentence structure. 3.3.1 Rhetorical Situation A User Centered Design is focused around the rhetorical situation. The rhetorical situation shapes the design of an information medium. There are three elements to consider in a rhetorical situation: Audience, Purpose, and Context. Audience The audience is the people who will be using the document. The designer must consider their age, geographical location, ethnicity, gender, education, etc. Purpose The purpose is how the document will be used, and what the audience will be trying to accomplish while using the document. The purpose usually includes purchasing a product, selling ideas, performing a task, instruction, and all types of persuasion. Context The context is the circumstances surrounding the situation. The context often answers the question: What situation has prompted the need for this document? Context also includes any social or cultural issues that may surround the situation. 3.4 UCD MODELS AND APPROACHES Models of a user centered design process help software designers to fulfill the goal of a product engineered for their users. In these models, user requirements are considered right from the beginning and included into the whole product cycle. Their major characteristics are the active participation of real users, as well as an iteration of design solutions. Cooperative design: involving designers and users on an equal footing. This is the Scandinavian tradition of design of IT artifacts and it has been evolving since 1970. Participatory design (PD): a North Ameri:an term for the same concept, inspired by Cooperative Design, focusing on the participation of users. Since 1990, there has been a bi-annual Participatory Design Conference. Contextual design: “customer centered design” in the actual context, including some ideas from Participatory design. 82
In the next section, we will discuss participatory design as an example of UCD All these approaches follow the ISO standard Human-centered design processes for interactive systems. 3.5 PARTICIPATORY DESIGN Participatory design is an approach to design that attempts to actively involve the end users in the design process to help ensure that the product designed meets their needs and is usable. It is also used in urban design, architecture, landscape architecture and planning as a way of creating environments that are more responsive and appropriate to their inhabitants and users cultural, emotional, spiritual and practical needs. It is important to understand that this approach is focused on process and is not a design style. For some, this approach has a political dimension of user empowerment and democratisation. For others, it is seen as a way of abrogating design responsibility and innovation by designers. In participatory design end-users (putative, potential or future) are invited to cooperate with researchers and developers during an innovation process. Potentially, they participate during several stages of an innovation process: they participate during the initial exploration and problem definition both to help define the problem and to focus ideas for solution, and during development, they help evaluate proposed solutions. Participatory design can be seen as a move of end-users into the world of researchers and developers, whereas empathic design can be seen as a move of researchers and developers into the world of end-users. 3.5.1 PARTICIPATORY DESIGN AND USER INTERFACE DESIGN As mentioned earlier, is a concept of user-centered design and requires involving end users in the design process. Previous researches have shown that user-centered approach to interface design will enhance productivity. Users’ interests and active involvements are the main focus of participatory design. Consequently, participatory approach is a key design technique of user interface designer. 4.0 CONCLUSION In this unit, you have been introduced to the User Centered Design (UCD), its purpose, the major considerations and the various approaches in UCD. The concept of participatory design was also introduced. 5.0 SUMMARY You have learnt the following in this unit:- 83
Page 1:
] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
Page 4 and 5:
National Open University of Nigeria
Page 6 and 7:
Summary ...........................
Page 8 and 9:
UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
Page 10 and 11:
Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
Page 12 and 13:
2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
Page 14 and 15:
need both the study unit you are wo
Page 16 and 17:
CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
Page 18 and 19:
UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
Page 20 and 21:
3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
Page 22 and 23:
3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
Page 24 and 25:
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
Page 26 and 27:
3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
Page 28 and 29:
widgets properly is to read and und
Page 30 and 31:
Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
Page 32 and 33: 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
Page 34 and 35: A graphical user interface is a typ
Page 36 and 37: Operating System. It is easy for a
Page 38 and 39: A list of items from which to selec
Page 40 and 41: collaborative work. For example, sc
Page 42 and 43: MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
Page 44 and 45: 3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
Page 46 and 47: window blinds to automobile braking
Page 48 and 49: Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
Page 50 and 51: The International Ergonomics Associ
Page 52 and 53: approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
Page 54 and 55: 3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
Page 56 and 57: Another key to reducing lumbar disc
Page 58 and 59: MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
Page 60 and 61: methods include inspection methods,
Page 62 and 63: Determine time of each operation (b
Page 64 and 65: unable to understand new informatio
Page 66 and 67: M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
Page 68 and 69: Motor skill which is a learned seri
Page 70 and 71: MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
Page 72 and 73: The users of a system must be ident
Page 74 and 75: This example brings up an important
Page 76 and 77: whether you want to have a palette
Page 78 and 79: Task analysis which includes identi
Page 80 and 81: MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
Page 84 and 85: Introduction to User-centered desig
Page 86 and 87: organizations themselves. Interacti
Page 88 and 89: After thorough analysis using vario
Page 90 and 91: Interaction design which is the dis
Page 92 and 93: In human-computer interaction and c
Page 94 and 95: The preferred method for ensuring u
Page 96 and 97: 3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
Page 98 and 99: In this unit, you have been introdu
Page 100 and 101: affect the way the command is execu
Page 102 and 103: • Guides the user via the predefi
Page 104 and 105: The term direct manipulation was in
Page 106 and 107: There are two important reasons for
Page 108 and 109: 108
Page 110 and 111: UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
Page 112 and 113: Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
Page 114 and 115: select print Figure 13: An interfac
Page 116 and 117: Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
Page 118 and 119: 3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
Page 120 and 121: Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
Page 122 and 123: Much more important for features th
Page 124 and 125: DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
Page 126 and 127: • Encourage menu & forms style, r
Page 128 and 129: Another problem is that native widg
Page 130 and 131: interfaces, so that a realistic sim
Page 132 and 133:
UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
Page 134 and 135:
Recall that perceptual fusion means
Page 136 and 137:
3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
Page 138 and 139:
directly-mapped pixel image will no
Page 140 and 141:
Most stroke models also include som
Page 142 and 143:
UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
Page 144 and 145:
3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
Page 146 and 147:
The Views are XForms controls for s
Page 148 and 149:
UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
Page 150 and 151:
3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
Page 152 and 153:
152
Page 154 and 155:
MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
Page 156 and 157:
a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
Page 158 and 159:
Rapid prototyping is a method used
Page 160 and 161:
3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
Page 162 and 163:
Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
Page 164 and 165:
the users' respect for you as a pro
Page 166 and 167:
the users will be and what kind of
Page 168 and 169:
speed whenever the average load was
Page 170 and 171:
Table 4:- Table: Average times for
Page 172 and 173:
phases: list the actions, and then
Page 174 and 175:
Nielsen and Molich used their own e
Page 176 and 177:
7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Page 178 and 179:
users. If you do not, you can be ba
Page 180 and 181:
If you are led to develop more and
Page 182 and 183:
It's very easy to shape the comment
Page 184 and 185:
a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
Page 186 and 187:
you use. But then you need some way
Page 188 and 189:
ecruit test users with more similar
Page 190 and 191:
MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
Page 192 and 193:
3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
Page 194 and 195:
2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
Page 196 and 197:
It provides a real focal point for
Page 198 and 199:
3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
Page 200:
The stages involved in usability te
show all

User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?