User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

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UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Main Content 3.1 Layout 3.2 Layout managers 3.3 Kinds of Layout Managers 3.4 Hints for Layouts 3.5 Constraints 3.6 Types of constraints 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Summary 6.0 Tutor Marked Assignment 7.0 Further Reading and Other Resources 1.0 INTRODUCTION Understanding layouts and constraints will be the main goal of this unit. Layout managers and hints for layouts are discussed. Various types of constraints are also explained. 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit, you should be able to: Explain User Interface Highlight the significance of user interface and identify the various types of user interfaces. Have good knowledge of the history of user interfaces Describe modes and modalities of User Interfaces 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 LAYOUT Layout is determining the positions and sizes of graphical objects. This can be done manually or automatically. Layout ranges in difficulty and constraints. Some layouts require simple one pass algorithm and some require dynamic programming and other techniques. There is need to do layout automatically since there is need to change the states and conditions of windows, screens, fonts, widgets, etc. This must be planned for at designed level and must be implemented effectively to enhance the user interface. 148
3.2 LAYOUT MANAGERS Layout Managers are software tools for specifying and designing the appropriate layout for a job. They are also called geometry managers and are used to represent a bundle of constraint equations. Also called geometry managers(Tk, Motif) Abstract Respresents a bundle of constraint equations Local Involve only the children of one container in the view hierarchy Layout Propagation Algorithm Layout (Container parent, Rectangle parentSize) For each child in parent, Get child’s size request Apply layout constraints to fit children into parentSize For each child, Set child’s size and position 3.3 KINDS OF LAYOUT MANAGERS Packing One dimensional Tk: pack Java: BorderLayout, FlowLayout, BoxLayout Gridding Two dimensional Tk:grid Java: GridLayout, GridBagLayout, TableLayout General Java: SpringLayout 3.4 HINTS FOR LAYOUT Use packing layouts when alignments are 1D Borders for top-level Nested boxes for internal Reserve gridding layouts for 2D alignment Unfortunately common when fields have captions! TableLayout is easier than GridBag 149
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] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
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National Open University of Nigeria
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Summary ...........................
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UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
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Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
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2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
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need both the study unit you are wo
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CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
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UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
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3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
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3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
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3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
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widgets properly is to read and und
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Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
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6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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A graphical user interface is a typ
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Operating System. It is easy for a
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A list of items from which to selec
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collaborative work. For example, sc
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MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
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3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
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window blinds to automobile braking
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Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
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The International Ergonomics Associ
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approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
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3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
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Another key to reducing lumbar disc
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MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
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methods include inspection methods,
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Determine time of each operation (b
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unable to understand new informatio
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M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
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Motor skill which is a learned seri
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MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
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The users of a system must be ident
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This example brings up an important
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whether you want to have a palette
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Task analysis which includes identi
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MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
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or small body text is also hard to
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Introduction to User-centered desig
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organizations themselves. Interacti
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After thorough analysis using vario
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Interaction design which is the dis
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In human-computer interaction and c
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The preferred method for ensuring u
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3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
Page 98 and 99: In this unit, you have been introdu
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Page 104 and 105: The term direct manipulation was in
Page 106 and 107: There are two important reasons for
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Page 110 and 111: UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
Page 112 and 113: Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
Page 114 and 115: select print Figure 13: An interfac
Page 116 and 117: Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
Page 118 and 119: 3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
Page 120 and 121: Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
Page 122 and 123: Much more important for features th
Page 124 and 125: DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
Page 126 and 127: • Encourage menu & forms style, r
Page 128 and 129: Another problem is that native widg
Page 130 and 131: interfaces, so that a realistic sim
Page 132 and 133: UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
Page 134 and 135: Recall that perceptual fusion means
Page 136 and 137: 3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
Page 138 and 139: directly-mapped pixel image will no
Page 140 and 141: Most stroke models also include som
Page 142 and 143: UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
Page 144 and 145: 3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
Page 146 and 147: The Views are XForms controls for s
Page 150 and 151: 3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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Page 154 and 155: MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
Page 156 and 157: a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
Page 158 and 159: Rapid prototyping is a method used
Page 160 and 161: 3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
Page 162 and 163: Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
Page 164 and 165: the users' respect for you as a pro
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Page 168 and 169: speed whenever the average load was
Page 170 and 171: Table 4:- Table: Average times for
Page 172 and 173: phases: list the actions, and then
Page 174 and 175: Nielsen and Molich used their own e
Page 176 and 177: 7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Page 178 and 179: users. If you do not, you can be ba
Page 180 and 181: If you are led to develop more and
Page 182 and 183: It's very easy to shape the comment
Page 184 and 185: a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
Page 186 and 187: you use. But then you need some way
Page 188 and 189: ecruit test users with more similar
Page 190 and 191: MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
Page 192 and 193: 3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
Page 194 and 195: 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
Page 196 and 197: It provides a real focal point for
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3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
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The stages involved in usability te
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