User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

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MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS AND TASK ANALYSIS Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Main Content 3.1 Understanding Users 3.2 Task Analysis 3.3 Using The Tasks In Design 3.4 Creating The Initial Design 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Summary 6.0 Tutor Marked Assignment 7.0 Further Reading and Other Resources 1.0 INTRODUCTION The general understanding of users and task analysis will be introduced to you in this unit. Using of task in designs and creating of the initial design will also be discussed in this unit. 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit, you should be able to: Describe how to understand users. Explain Task Analysis. Explain the use of tasks in design Describe the creation of Initial design 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 UNDERSTANDING USERS To get a good interface you have to figure out who is going to use it and to do what. You may think your idea for a new system is so wonderful that everyone will want it. But history suggests you may be wrong. Even systems that turned out to be useful in unexpected ways, like the spreadsheet, started out by being useful in some expected ways. You may not have needed selling on this point. "Everybody" knows you have to do some kind of requirements analysis. Yes, but based on what, and in what form? Our advice is to insist that your requirements be grounded in information about real, individual people and real tasks that they really want to perform. Get soft about this and the illusions start 70
to creep in and before you know it you've got another system that everybody wants except people you can actually find. 3.1.1 GETTING IN TOUCH WITH USERS The first step is to find some real people who would be potential users of what you are going to build. If you can not find any you need to worry a lot. If you can't find them now, where will they come from? When it's time to buy? When you have found some, get them to spend some time with you discussing what they do and how your system might fit in. Are they too busy to do this? Then they'll probably be too busy to care about your system after it exists. Do you think the idea is a real winner, and they will care if you explain it to them? Then buy their time in some way. Find people in your target group who are technology nuts and who'll talk with you because you can show them technology. Or go to a professional meeting and offer a unique T-shirt to people who'll talk with you (yes, there are people whose time is too expensive for you to buy for money who will work with you for a shirt or a coffee mug). 3.2 TASK ANALYSIS Task analysis is the analysis of how a task is accomplished, including a detailed description of both manual and mental activities, task and element durations, task frequency, task allocation, task complexity, environmental conditions, necessary clothing and equipment, and any other unique factors involved in or required for one or more people to perform a given task. Task analysis emerged from research in applied behavior analysis and still has considerable research in that area. The term "task" is often used interchangeably with activity or process. Task analysis often results in a hierarchical representation of what steps it takes to perform a task for which there is a goal and for which there is some lowest-level "action" that is performed. Task analysis is often performed by human factors professionals. Task analysis may be of manual tasks, such as bricklaying, and be analyzed as time and motion studies using concepts from industrial engineering. Cognitive task analysis is applied to modern work environments such as supervisory control where little physical works occurs, but the tasks are more related to situation assessment, decision making, and response planning and execution. Task analysis is also used in user interface design. Information from the task analysis is used in the interface design. This is necessary in order to make system to capture the overall users’ requirements. 3.2.1 TASK ANALYSIS IN USER INTERFACE DESIGN The stages involved in task analysis are described as follows:- a. Identify Users 71
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] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
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National Open University of Nigeria
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Summary ...........................
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UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
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Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
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2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
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need both the study unit you are wo
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CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
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UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
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Page 24 and 25: Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
Page 26 and 27: 3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
Page 28 and 29: widgets properly is to read and und
Page 30 and 31: Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
Page 32 and 33: 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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Page 36 and 37: Operating System. It is easy for a
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Page 42 and 43: MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
Page 44 and 45: 3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
Page 46 and 47: window blinds to automobile braking
Page 48 and 49: Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
Page 50 and 51: The International Ergonomics Associ
Page 52 and 53: approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
Page 54 and 55: 3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
Page 56 and 57: Another key to reducing lumbar disc
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Page 60 and 61: methods include inspection methods,
Page 62 and 63: Determine time of each operation (b
Page 64 and 65: unable to understand new informatio
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Page 80 and 81: MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
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Page 84 and 85: Introduction to User-centered desig
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Page 94 and 95: The preferred method for ensuring u
Page 96 and 97: 3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
Page 98 and 99: In this unit, you have been introdu
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Page 110 and 111: UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
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Page 118 and 119: 3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
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Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
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Much more important for features th
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DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
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• Encourage menu & forms style, r
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Another problem is that native widg
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interfaces, so that a realistic sim
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UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
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Recall that perceptual fusion means
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3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
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directly-mapped pixel image will no
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Most stroke models also include som
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UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
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3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
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The Views are XForms controls for s
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UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
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3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
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a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
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Rapid prototyping is a method used
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3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
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Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
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the users' respect for you as a pro
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the users will be and what kind of
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speed whenever the average load was
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Table 4:- Table: Average times for
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phases: list the actions, and then
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Nielsen and Molich used their own e
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7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
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users. If you do not, you can be ba
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If you are led to develop more and
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It's very easy to shape the comment
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a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
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you use. But then you need some way
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ecruit test users with more similar
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MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
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3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
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2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
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It provides a real focal point for
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3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
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The stages involved in usability te
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