User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

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It provides a real focal point for the test and a milestone for the product being tested. Without the test plan, details get fuzzy and ambiguous, especially under time pressure. The test plan forces you to approach the job of testing systematically, and it reminds the development team of the impending dates. Having said all that, it is perfectly acceptable and highly probable that the test plan will be developed in stages s you gradually understand more of the test objectives and talk to the people who will be involved. Projects are dynamic and the best laid plans will change as you begin to approach testing. By developing the test plan in stages, you can accommodate changes. For example, as your time and resource constraints become clearer, your test may become less ambitious and simpler. Or, perhaps you will not be able to acquire as many qualified participants as you thought. Perhaps not all modules or section of the document will ready in time. Perhaps your test objectives are too imprecise and need to be simplified and focused. These are all real-world example that force you to revise the test and the test plan. A sound approach is to start writing the test plan as soon as you know you will be testing. Then, as the project proceeds, continue to refine it, get feedback, buy-in, and so forth. Of course, there is a limit to flexibility, so you need to set a reasonable deadline prior to the test after which the test plan may not change. Let that date serve as a point at which the product can no longer change until after the test. You may find that the test is the only concrete milestone at that point in time in the development cycle and, as such, serves an important function. Once you reach the cut-off date, do all that you can to freeze the design of the product you will be have to test. Additional revisions may invalidate the test design you have chosen, the questions you ask, even the way you collect data. If you are pressured to revise the test after the cut-off date, make sure everyone understand the risks involved. The test may be invalidated, and the product may not work properly with changes made so close to the test date. Remember to keep the end user in mind as you develop the test plan. If you are very close to the project, there is a tendency to forget that you are not testing the productyou are testing its relationship to a human being with certain specific characteristics. SUGGESTED FORMAT Test plan formats will vary according to the type of test and the degree of formality required in your organization. However, following are the typical sections to include; Purpose Problem statement/test objectives User profile Method (test design) Task list Test environment/equipment Test monitor role Evaluation measures (data to be collected)
Report contents and presentation 3.3.2 SELECTING AND ACQUIRING PARTICIPANTS The selection and acquisition of participant whose background and abilities are representative of your product‘s intended end user is a crucial element of the testing process. After all, your test result will only be valid if the people you test are typical end users of the product, or as close to that criterion as possible. If you test the “wrong” people, it does not matter how much effort you put into the rest of the test preparation. Your result will be questionable and of limited value. Selecting participants involves identifying and describing the relevant skills and knowledge of the person(s) who will use your product. This description is known as user profile or user characterization of the target population and should have been developed in the earl stages of the product development. Then, once that has been determined, you must ascertain the most effective way to acquire people from this target population to serve as participants within your constraints of time, money, resources, and so on. 3.3.3 PREPARING THE TEST MATERIALS One of the more labour-intensive activities required to conduct a usability test is developing the test material that will be used to communicate with the participants, collect the data, and satisfy legal requirements. It is important to develop all important test materials well in advance of the time you will need them. Apart from the obvious benefit of not having to scurry around at the last minute, developing materials early on helps to explicitly structure and organize the test. In fact, if you have difficulty developing one particular type of test material, it can be a sign that there are flaws in your test objectives and test design. While the specific content of the materials will vary from test to test, the general categories required will hardly vary at all. This chapter contains a list of the most common materials you need to develop a test, as well as examples of the various types of test materials. As you develop them, think of these materials as aids to the testing process. Once they are developed, their natural flow will guide the test for you. Be sure to leave enough time to include the materials in your pilot test. The test materials reviewed in this chapter are as follows: • Screening questionnaire • Orientation script • Background questionnaire • Data collection instruments (data loggers) • Nondisclosure agreement and tape consent form • Pre-test questionnaire • Task scenarios • Prerequisite training materials • Post-test questionnaire • Debriefing topics guide
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] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
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National Open University of Nigeria
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Summary ...........................
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UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
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Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
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2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
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need both the study unit you are wo
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CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
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UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
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3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
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3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
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3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
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widgets properly is to read and und
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Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
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6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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A graphical user interface is a typ
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Operating System. It is easy for a
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A list of items from which to selec
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collaborative work. For example, sc
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MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
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3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
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window blinds to automobile braking
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Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
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The International Ergonomics Associ
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approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
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3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
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Another key to reducing lumbar disc
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MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
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methods include inspection methods,
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Determine time of each operation (b
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unable to understand new informatio
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M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
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Motor skill which is a learned seri
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MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
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The users of a system must be ident
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This example brings up an important
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whether you want to have a palette
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Task analysis which includes identi
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MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
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or small body text is also hard to
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Introduction to User-centered desig
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organizations themselves. Interacti
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After thorough analysis using vario
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Interaction design which is the dis
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In human-computer interaction and c
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The preferred method for ensuring u
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3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
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In this unit, you have been introdu
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affect the way the command is execu
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• Guides the user via the predefi
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The term direct manipulation was in
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There are two important reasons for
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108
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UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
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Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
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select print Figure 13: An interfac
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Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
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3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
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Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
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Much more important for features th
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DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
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• Encourage menu & forms style, r
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Another problem is that native widg
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interfaces, so that a realistic sim
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UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
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Recall that perceptual fusion means
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3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
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directly-mapped pixel image will no
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Most stroke models also include som
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UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
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3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
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Page 150 and 151: 3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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Page 154 and 155: MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
Page 156 and 157: a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
Page 158 and 159: Rapid prototyping is a method used
Page 160 and 161: 3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
Page 162 and 163: Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
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Page 168 and 169: speed whenever the average load was
Page 170 and 171: Table 4:- Table: Average times for
Page 172 and 173: phases: list the actions, and then
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Page 176 and 177: 7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Page 178 and 179: users. If you do not, you can be ba
Page 180 and 181: If you are led to develop more and
Page 182 and 183: It's very easy to shape the comment
Page 184 and 185: a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
Page 186 and 187: you use. But then you need some way
Page 188 and 189: ecruit test users with more similar
Page 190 and 191: MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
Page 192 and 193: 3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
Page 194 and 195: 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
Page 198 and 199: 3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
Page 200: The stages involved in usability te
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