User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

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After thorough analysis using various tools and models, designers create a high level summary spanning across all levels of user requirements. This includes a vision statement regarding the current and future goals of a project. c. Alternative design and evaluation Once clear view of the problem space exists, designers will develop alternative solutions with crude prototypes to help convey concepts and ideas. Proposed solutions are evaluated and perhaps even merged. The end result should be a design that solves as many of the user requirements as possible. Some tools that may be used for this process are wireframing and flow diagrams. The features and functionality of a product or service are often outlined in a document known as a wireframe ("schematics" is an alternate term). Wireframes are a page-by-page or screen-by-screen detail of the system, which include notes ("annotations") as to how the system will operate. Flow Diagrams outline the logic and steps of the system or an individual feature. d. Prototyping and usability testing Interaction designers use a variety of prototyping techniques to test aspects of design ideas. These can be roughly divided into three classes: those that test the role of an artifact, those that test its look and feel and those that test its implementation. Sometimes, these are called experience prototypes to emphasize their interactive nature. Prototypes can be physical or digital, high- or low-fidelity. e. Implementation Interaction designers need to be involved during the development of the product or service to ensure that what was designed is implemented correctly. Often, changes need to be made during the building process, and interaction designers should be involved with any of the on-the-fly modifications to the design. f. System testing Once the system is built, often another round of testing, for both usability and errors ("bug catching") is performed. Ideally, the designer will be involved here as well, to make any modifications to the system that are required. 3.6 ASPECTS OF INTERACTION DESIGN Social interaction design Social interaction design (SxD) is emerging because many of our computing devices have become networked and have begun to integrate communication capabilities. Phones, digital assistants and the myriad connected devices from computers to games facilitate talk and social interaction. Social interaction design accounts for interactions among 88
users as well as between users and their devices. The dynamics of interpersonal communication, speech and writing, the pragmatics of talk and interaction--these now become critical factors in the use of social technologies. And they are factors described less by an approach steeped in the rational choice approach taken by cognitive science than that by sociology, psychology, and anthropology. Affective interaction design Throughout the process of interaction design, designers must be aware of key aspects in their designs that influence emotional responses in target users. The need for products to convey positive emotions and avoid negative ones is critical to product success. [1] These aspects include positive, negative, motivational, learning, creative, social and persuasive influences to name a few. One method that can help convey such aspects is the use of expressive interfaces. In software, for example, the use of dynamic icons, animations and sound can help communicate a state of operation, creating a sense of interactivity and feedback. Interface aspects such as fonts, color pallet, and graphical layouts can also influence an interface's perceived effectiveness. Studies have shown that affective aspects can affect a user's perception of usability. [1] Emotional and pleasure theories exist to explain peoples responses to the use of interactive products. These includes Don Norman's emotional design model, Patrick Jordan's pleasure model, and McCarthy and Wright's Technology as Experience framework. 3.7 INTERACTION DESIGN DOMAINS Interaction designers work in many areas, including software interfaces, (business) information systems, internet, physical products, environments, services, and systems which may combine many of these. Each area requires its own skills and approaches, but there are aspects of interaction design common to all. Interaction designers often work in interdisciplinary teams as their work requires expertise in many different domains, including graphic design, programming, psychology, user testing, product design, etc (see below for more related disciplines). Thus, they need to understand enough of these fields to work effectively with specialists. 4.0 CONCLUSION In this unit, you have been introduced to the principles of interaction design. User- Centered Interaction design was also discussed. The history, relationship, methodologies and various aspects of User-Centered Interaction Design was also explained. An interaction design domain was also discussed. 5.0 SUMMARY The summary of what have been discussed in this course are:- 89
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] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
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National Open University of Nigeria
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Summary ...........................
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UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
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Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
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2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
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need both the study unit you are wo
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CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
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UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
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3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
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3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
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3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
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widgets properly is to read and und
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Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
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6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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A graphical user interface is a typ
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Operating System. It is easy for a
Page 38 and 39: A list of items from which to selec
Page 40 and 41: collaborative work. For example, sc
Page 42 and 43: MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
Page 44 and 45: 3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
Page 46 and 47: window blinds to automobile braking
Page 48 and 49: Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
Page 50 and 51: The International Ergonomics Associ
Page 52 and 53: approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
Page 54 and 55: 3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
Page 56 and 57: Another key to reducing lumbar disc
Page 58 and 59: MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
Page 60 and 61: methods include inspection methods,
Page 62 and 63: Determine time of each operation (b
Page 64 and 65: unable to understand new informatio
Page 66 and 67: M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
Page 68 and 69: Motor skill which is a learned seri
Page 70 and 71: MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
Page 72 and 73: The users of a system must be ident
Page 74 and 75: This example brings up an important
Page 76 and 77: whether you want to have a palette
Page 78 and 79: Task analysis which includes identi
Page 80 and 81: MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
Page 82 and 83: or small body text is also hard to
Page 84 and 85: Introduction to User-centered desig
Page 86 and 87: organizations themselves. Interacti
Page 90 and 91: Interaction design which is the dis
Page 92 and 93: In human-computer interaction and c
Page 94 and 95: The preferred method for ensuring u
Page 96 and 97: 3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
Page 98 and 99: In this unit, you have been introdu
Page 100 and 101: affect the way the command is execu
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Page 104 and 105: The term direct manipulation was in
Page 106 and 107: There are two important reasons for
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Page 110 and 111: UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
Page 112 and 113: Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
Page 114 and 115: select print Figure 13: An interfac
Page 116 and 117: Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
Page 118 and 119: 3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
Page 120 and 121: Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
Page 122 and 123: Much more important for features th
Page 124 and 125: DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
Page 126 and 127: • Encourage menu & forms style, r
Page 128 and 129: Another problem is that native widg
Page 130 and 131: interfaces, so that a realistic sim
Page 132 and 133: UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
Page 134 and 135: Recall that perceptual fusion means
Page 136 and 137: 3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
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directly-mapped pixel image will no
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Most stroke models also include som
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UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
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3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
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The Views are XForms controls for s
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UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
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3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
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a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
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Rapid prototyping is a method used
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3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
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Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
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the users' respect for you as a pro
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the users will be and what kind of
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speed whenever the average load was
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Table 4:- Table: Average times for
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phases: list the actions, and then
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Nielsen and Molich used their own e
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7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
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users. If you do not, you can be ba
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If you are led to develop more and
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It's very easy to shape the comment
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a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
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you use. But then you need some way
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ecruit test users with more similar
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MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
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3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
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2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
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It provides a real focal point for
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3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
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The stages involved in usability te
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