User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are relationships expressed by the programmer and automatically maintained by the UI toolkit. 3.5.1 USES a. Layout:- Constraints are used in Layout to express the relationships between interface items. For example, field.left = label.right + 10 b. Value propagation:- They are used for an action to be invoked when a value is entered or reached. An example is deleteAction.enabled = (selection != null) c. Synchronization of views to models:- Constraints are used to expressed the relationships between models. d. Interaction:- They are also used to express interaction such as rect.corner = mouse 3.6 TYPES OF CONSTRAINTS a. One-Way Constraints Also called formulas, after spreadsheet Y= f(x1,x2,x3, …) Y depends on (points to ) x1,x2,x3, … Algorithms Data-driven Reevaluate formulas when a value is changed Demand-driven Reevaluate formulas whenever a value is requested Lazy When dependent value changes, invalidate all values that depend on it. When invalid value is requested, recalculate it b. Variants Multi-output formulas (y1,y2, …) = f(x1,x2,x3, …) Cyclic dependencies Detect cycles and break them 150
Constraint hierarchies Some constraints stronger than others Side effects If f has side effects, when do they happen? Lazy evaluation makes side effects unpredictable Amulet: eager evaluation 4.0 CONCLUSION Detailed description of Layouts and constraints were discussedt. Layout managers and hints for layouts were also described. 5.0 SUMMARY • Layout is determining the positions and sizes of graphical objects. This can be done manually or automatically. • Layout Managers are software tools for specifying and designing the appropriate layout for a job. • Layout managers include packing, gridding and general kinds. • Hints for layout include using packing layouts when alignments are 1D and reserving gridding layouts for 2D alignment. • Constraints are relationships expressed by the programmer and automatically maintained by the UI toolkit. • Constraints are of two types: One-Way Constraints and variants. 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Explain Layouts and constraints. Describe any two layout manager. 7.0 FURTHER READING AND OTHER RESOURCES Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2000a). The Unified Process Inception Phase. Gilroy, CA: CMP Books. http://www.ambysoft.com/inceptionPhase.html. Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2000b). The Unified Process Elaboration Phase. Gilroy, CA: CMP Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2000c). The Unified Process Construction Phase. Gilroy, CA: CMP Ambler, S.W. (2001). The Object Primer 2 nd Edition: The Application Developer’s Guide to Object Orientation. New York: Cambridge University Press. 151
Page 1:
] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
Page 4 and 5:
National Open University of Nigeria
Page 6 and 7:
Summary ...........................
Page 8 and 9:
UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
Page 10 and 11:
Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
Page 12 and 13:
2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
Page 14 and 15:
need both the study unit you are wo
Page 16 and 17:
CIT 711: USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND
Page 18 and 19:
UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
Page 20 and 21:
3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
Page 22 and 23:
3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
Page 24 and 25:
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
Page 26 and 27:
3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
Page 28 and 29:
widgets properly is to read and und
Page 30 and 31:
Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
Page 32 and 33:
6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
Page 34 and 35:
A graphical user interface is a typ
Page 36 and 37:
Operating System. It is easy for a
Page 38 and 39:
A list of items from which to selec
Page 40 and 41:
collaborative work. For example, sc
Page 42 and 43:
MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTE
Page 44 and 45:
3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
Page 46 and 47:
window blinds to automobile braking
Page 48 and 49:
Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Le
Page 50 and 51:
The International Ergonomics Associ
Page 52 and 53:
approach, the Gilbreths reduced the
Page 54 and 55:
3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
Page 56 and 57:
Another key to reducing lumbar disc
Page 58 and 59:
MODULE 2 - USER INTERFACE DESIGN TE
Page 60 and 61:
methods include inspection methods,
Page 62 and 63:
Determine time of each operation (b
Page 64 and 65:
unable to understand new informatio
Page 66 and 67:
M cones, or, misleadingly, green co
Page 68 and 69:
Motor skill which is a learned seri
Page 70 and 71:
MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
Page 72 and 73:
The users of a system must be ident
Page 74 and 75:
This example brings up an important
Page 76 and 77:
whether you want to have a palette
Page 78 and 79:
Task analysis which includes identi
Page 80 and 81:
MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
Page 82 and 83:
or small body text is also hard to
Page 84 and 85:
Introduction to User-centered desig
Page 86 and 87:
organizations themselves. Interacti
Page 88 and 89:
After thorough analysis using vario
Page 90 and 91:
Interaction design which is the dis
Page 92 and 93:
In human-computer interaction and c
Page 94 and 95:
The preferred method for ensuring u
Page 96 and 97:
3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
Page 98 and 99:
In this unit, you have been introdu
Page 100 and 101: affect the way the command is execu
Page 102 and 103: • Guides the user via the predefi
Page 104 and 105: The term direct manipulation was in
Page 106 and 107: There are two important reasons for
Page 108 and 109: 108
Page 110 and 111: UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
Page 112 and 113: Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
Page 114 and 115: select print Figure 13: An interfac
Page 116 and 117: Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
Page 118 and 119: 3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
Page 120 and 121: Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
Page 122 and 123: Much more important for features th
Page 124 and 125: DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
Page 126 and 127: • Encourage menu & forms style, r
Page 128 and 129: Another problem is that native widg
Page 130 and 131: interfaces, so that a realistic sim
Page 132 and 133: UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
Page 134 and 135: Recall that perceptual fusion means
Page 136 and 137: 3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
Page 138 and 139: directly-mapped pixel image will no
Page 140 and 141: Most stroke models also include som
Page 142 and 143: UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
Page 144 and 145: 3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
Page 146 and 147: The Views are XForms controls for s
Page 148 and 149: UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
Page 152 and 153: 152
Page 154 and 155: MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
Page 156 and 157: a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
Page 158 and 159: Rapid prototyping is a method used
Page 160 and 161: 3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
Page 162 and 163: Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
Page 164 and 165: the users' respect for you as a pro
Page 166 and 167: the users will be and what kind of
Page 168 and 169: speed whenever the average load was
Page 170 and 171: Table 4:- Table: Average times for
Page 172 and 173: phases: list the actions, and then
Page 174 and 175: Nielsen and Molich used their own e
Page 176 and 177: 7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Page 178 and 179: users. If you do not, you can be ba
Page 180 and 181: If you are led to develop more and
Page 182 and 183: It's very easy to shape the comment
Page 184 and 185: a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
Page 186 and 187: you use. But then you need some way
Page 188 and 189: ecruit test users with more similar
Page 190 and 191: MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
Page 192 and 193: 3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
Page 194 and 195: 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
Page 196 and 197: It provides a real focal point for
Page 198 and 199: 3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
Page 200:
The stages involved in usability te
show all

User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?