User Interface Design and Ergonomics - National Open University of ...

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MODULE 1 UNIT 4 HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Main Content 3.1 Introduction to Human Computer Interaction (HCI) 3.2 Goals of HCI 3.3 Differences With Other Related Fields 3.4 Future Development of HCI 3.5 Human Computer Interface 4.0 Conclusion 5.0 Summary 6.0 Tutor Marked Assignment 7.0 Further Reading and Other Resources 1.0 INTRODUCTION In this course guide, you will be introduced to Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and its differences with other related fields. The goals and future development of Human Computer Interaction and the general concept of Human Computer Interface will be introduced. 2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit, you should be able to: Explain the term Human Computer Interaction Identify the various goals of Human Computer Interaction Differentiate Human Computer Interaction from other related fields Describe the future development of HCI and explain the Human computer Interface. 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. It is often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design and several other fields of study. Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface (or simply interface), which includes both software and hardware, for example, general-purpose computer peripherals and large-scale mechanical systems, such as aircraft and power plants. The Association for Computing 42
Machinery defines human-computer interaction as "a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them. Because human-computer interaction studies a human and a machine in conjunction, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant. On the human side, communication theory, graphic and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, social sciences, cognitive psychology, and human performance are relevant. Engineering and design methods are also relevant. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of HCI, people with different backgrounds contribute to its success. HCI is also sometimes referred to as man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction (CHI). 3.2 GOALS OF HCI A basic goal of HCI is to improve the interactions between users and computers by making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs. Specifically, HCI is concerned with: methodologies and processes for designing interfaces (i.e., given a task and a class of users, design the best possible interface within given constraints, optimizing for a desired property such as learning ability or efficiency of use) methods for implementing interfaces (e.g. software toolkits and libraries; efficient algorithms) techniques for evaluating and comparing interfaces developing new interfaces and interaction techniques developing descriptive and predictive models and theories of interaction A long term goal of HCI is to design systems that minimize the barrier between the human's cognitive model of what they want to accomplish and the computer's understanding of the user's task. Professional practitioners in HCI are usually designers concerned with the practical application of design methodologies to real-world problems. Their work often revolves around designing graphical user interfaces and web interfaces. Researchers in HCI are interested in developing new design methodologies, experimenting with new hardware devices, prototyping new software systems, exploring new paradigms for interaction, and developing models and theories of interaction. 43
Page 1: ] NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGER
Page 4 and 5: National Open University of Nigeria
Page 6 and 7: Summary ...........................
Page 8 and 9: UNIT 3 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (
Page 10 and 11: Assignments File Tutor-Marked Assig
Page 12 and 13: 2 DESIGN and DESIGNING GOOD USER IN
Page 14 and 15: need both the study unit you are wo
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Page 18 and 19: UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF USER INTERFA
Page 20 and 21: 3.3 TYPES OF USER INTERFACES Curren
Page 22 and 23: 3.5 USER INTERFACE MODALITIES AND M
Page 24 and 25: Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction
Page 26 and 27: 3.1.1 DESIGNING A GOOD USER INTERFA
Page 28 and 29: widgets properly is to read and und
Page 30 and 31: Figure 1:- Showing that alignment o
Page 32 and 33: 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT a. How
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Page 36 and 37: Operating System. It is easy for a
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Page 40 and 41: collaborative work. For example, sc
Page 44 and 45: 3.3 DIFFERNCES WITH RELATED FIELDS
Page 46 and 47: window blinds to automobile braking
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Page 54 and 55: 3.6 BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS The thre
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Page 60 and 61: methods include inspection methods,
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Page 70 and 71: MODULE 2 UNIT 2 UNDERSTANDING USERS
Page 72 and 73: The users of a system must be ident
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Page 80 and 81: MODULE 2 UNIT 3 USER CENTERED DESIG
Page 82 and 83: or small body text is also hard to
Page 84 and 85: Introduction to User-centered desig
Page 86 and 87: organizations themselves. Interacti
Page 88 and 89: After thorough analysis using vario
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In human-computer interaction and c
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The preferred method for ensuring u
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3.4 ISO STANDARDS FOR USABILITY ISO
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In this unit, you have been introdu
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affect the way the command is execu
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• Guides the user via the predefi
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The term direct manipulation was in
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There are two important reasons for
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108
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UNIT 1 PROTOTYPING Table of Content
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Figure 12: The iterative steps of p
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select print Figure 13: An interfac
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Ambler, S.W. & Constantine, L.L. (2
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3.2 LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES Low-fid
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Figure 14:- Example of Sketching II
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Much more important for features th
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DENIM, an extension of SILK, is a t
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• Encourage menu & forms style, r
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Another problem is that native widg
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interfaces, so that a realistic sim
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UNIT 3 INPUT AND OUTPUT MODELS Tabl
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Recall that perceptual fusion means
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3.2 OUTPUT MODEL There are basicall
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directly-mapped pixel image will no
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Most stroke models also include som
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UNIT 4 MODEL VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC)
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3.3.2 AS A DESIGN PATTERN MVC enco
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The Views are XForms controls for s
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UNIT 5 LAYOUTS AND CONSTRAINTS Tabl
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3.5 CONSTRAINTS Constraints are rel
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MODULE 4 UNIT 1 TECHNIQUES FOR EVAL
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a. Card Sorting Card sorting is a w
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Rapid prototyping is a method used
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3.2.1 THE USE OF PROTOTYPES It is o
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Dumas, J.S. and Redish, J.C. (1999)
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the users' respect for you as a pro
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the users will be and what kind of
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speed whenever the average load was
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Table 4:- Table: Average times for
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phases: list the actions, and then
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Nielsen and Molich used their own e
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7.0 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
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users. If you do not, you can be ba
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If you are led to develop more and
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It's very easy to shape the comment
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a. Analyzing the Bottom-Line Number
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you use. But then you need some way
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ecruit test users with more similar
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MODULE 4 UNIT 4 OTHER EVALUATION IS
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3.2 CURRENT ISSUES CONCERNING EVALU
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2.0 OBJECTIVES By the end this unit
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It provides a real focal point for
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3.3.4 CONDUCTING THE TEST Having co
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The stages involved in usability te
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