Programska knjiÅ¾ica - Hrvatsko filozofsko druÅ¡tvo

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popratna obrazloženja u znanstvenim i povijesnim bilješkama uključuju razmišljanja o publici i obilježjima sadržaja. Osim Newtona, po kojem se Bošković na poseban način obraća londonskoj znanstvenoj sredini i Royal Society, stihovi imaju još dva važna adresata, dva protagonista ‘nove optike’ – Johna Dollonda i Leonharda Eulera (n. 39). Brojnim autoreferencijama Bošković znanstvenik samosvjesno predočuje svoje doprinose optici, geofizici, astronomiji i prirodnoj filozofiji. Na razvedeni dizajn Boškovićeva komunikacijskog modela ukazuju i neki drugi momenti, primjerice spomen Algarottijevih dijaloga Il Neutonianismo per le dame (1737) s razmišljanjima o dostupnosti znanstvenih sadržaja različitim vrstama publike, tj. o prednostima i ograničenjima, kako bismo to današnjim rječnikom rekli, ‘popularne znanosti’ (n. 12). U završnoj epizodi šestoga pjevanja nudi Bošković jednu zapletenu alegoriju o Suncu, Mjesecu i Zemlji, a u bilješci (n. 78) ispisuje njezinu poruku s pomoću kontrasta: Zemlja, promotrena s Mjeseca, jest »crna, zamagljena i prljava«, a Mjesečevi su učinci nešto što je »vrlo opće i vrlo poznato« (communissima et notissima), koristeći se tako ključnim riječima kojima bismo i danas mogli opisati prisutnost znanosti u javnosti. Ključne riječi: modeli komuniciranja znanosti, popularizacija znanosti, autoreferencije znanstvenika; Ruđer Bošković, Isaac Newton BOŠKOVIĆ’S MOTIFS FOR COMMUNICATING NEWTON’S DISCOVERIES IN OPTICS: CASE ANALYSIS OF THE SIXTH CANTO OF BOŠKOVIĆ’S EPIC DE SOLIS AC LUNAE DEFECTIBUS We scrutanise the nature herself and what she exhibits While treading along her own paths. Night and day we observe Vigilantly, attentively with both our eyes, persistent In observation long hours we spend. Nor is that enough: Governed by various arts our right hand masters Thousands of instruments, taming her injured With dense wounds. By torturing her we try to publish Secret laws and discover remote causes of things. (VI, 206–213, translated by Vesna Baće) The sixth and last canto of Bošković’s didactic epic De Solis ac Lunae defectibus is a “poetic apotheosis” of Isaac Newton, whose works, notably Principia and Opticks, are “like some kind of oracles that give true answers,” 154
the famous Ragusan states (n. 19) and hence sings: “You, Newton, shall be my greater deity” (Tu maius mihi numen eris, Newtone, VI,10), understandably, than those from the mythology of the ancients. Underlying Bošković’s epic is not merely the celebration of Newton’s work in verses and notes, but also exhaustive description of Newton’s contributions to optics, primarily the key experiment with the prisms (nn. 49–57). In addition, Bošković clearly defines his views on Newton’s philosophy of science and offers his own as a “method of right philosophizing” (methodus recte philosophandi, n. 28): “Nature is researched by observations and experiments,” in which observations are applied in astronomy and natural history, and experiments in experimental physics and chemistry. Following in the footsteps of Newton and his famous dictum Hypotheses non fingo, Bošković too is against the application of the “entirely arbitrary hypotheses” (hypotheses penitus arbitrariae). He does not envisage the path to genuine theory in physics as linear progress, but it also passes “through many errors” (per errores etiam plurimos). Having acknowledged in London that his scientific works had not reached the British Isles, in the notes Bošković attempts to introduce the British scholarly milieu to the continuity and diversity of his scientific work. Quite expectedly, he recurrently refers to his important treatise De lumine (1748), as well as to Carlo Benvenuti’s treatise under the same title, who followed and proved Bošković’s ideas (n. 16). He describes his participation in the 1752 competition of the Académie des Sciences in Paris about the perturbations of Jupiter and Saturn (n. 5). He draws attention to his most significant contribution to geophysics: the shape of the Earth is “completely irregular,” as he expounded in the fifth part of his geodetic report De litteraria expeditione per Pontificiam ditionem (1755) (n. 8). He makes two references to the achievements of his theory of forces and the work Philosophiae naturalis theoria (1758) printed in Vienna (nn. 45, 49). Moreover, he brings to mind his hypothesis from 1748, by which the refraction of light depends on the multitude and distribution of points which compose the particle of light (n. 23). Bošković also refers to “Notae ad iridem” (1747), his notes accompanying the poem of his professor Carlo Noceti, in which he wrote about the application of prism in optical research (n. 29). He outlines the major contributions in his Supplementa to the epic Philosophia recentior by Benedikt Stay: in the first volume (1755) he expounded on the general properties of bodies and the force of inertia, and in the second (1760) he provided a comprehensive survey of astronomy (n. 28). Finally, in his revision of the notes in the Paris edition of his epic in 1779, Bošković draws attention to the book which is his main contribu- 155
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ISSN: 1848-2228 HRVATSKO FILOZOFSKO
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SADRŽAJ / CONTENTS Organizacijski
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21. DANI FRANE PETRIĆA Uvod 21st D
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znanstvenim opusom u 13. stoljeću,
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THE IDEA OF THE UNIVERSITY Mislav J
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all else in the service of such dev
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OD PETRIĆA DO BOŠKOVIĆA: HRVATSK
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2. The sources of Petrić’s and B
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Simpozij IDEJA SVEUČILIŠTA Sympos
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Legal History in the Curricula of t
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16:15-16:30 RAJKA ŠVRLJUGA (Hrvats
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UTORAK, 25. rujna 2012. / TUESDAY,
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Predsjedava / Chairperson: JOSIP OS
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SRIJEDA, 26. rujna 2012. / WEDNESDA
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PLENARNA PREDAVANJA ::: PLENARY LEC
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Predsjedavaju / Chairpersons: IVICA
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10:15-10:45 Petrićeve Discussiones
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The Reception of Bošković’s Nat
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Međunarodni simpozij IDEJA SVEUČI
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LOGIČKA OGRANIČENJA I ONTOLOŠKI
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USTROJ ODSJEKA ZA FILOZOFIJU U MODE
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problem. On the other hand, the ver
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gitimnosti (bliske) veze između re
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striktnog državnog nositelja. On j
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DRAGAN ĆALOVIĆ Fakultet za kultur
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gments, a truth in developing them,
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NENAD DAKOVIĆ Beograd, Srbija / Be
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u atmosferi aphetéos-ēdone, unive
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skog tipa sveučilišta nego su u n
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RICHARD F. GOMBRICH Faculty of Orie
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UNIVERSITY, HIGHER EDUCATION, AND N
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AMINA ISANOVIĆ Filozofski fakultet
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ge as a whole and the light whose o
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ju narav sveučilišta i uloge znan
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ZNANOST I ETIKA: NEKE NAPOMENE O RA
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INDUSTRIALISATION OF THE UNIVERSITY
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nim, odnosno profitabilnim istraži
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disable competition, not to introdu
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socijalnih mehanizama upotrebe znan
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MISLAV KUKOČ Faculty of Philosophy
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ard of their human and moral qualit
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UNIVERZITET VISVA-BHARATI; TAGORINO
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UNIVERSITY: FROM SPECULATION TO CRI
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»SUSTAV« U FILOZOFIJI KAO POSLJED
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curricula’s subjects. For him, th
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This protest shows that students wa
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der Universität in der Zeit des Zw
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Page 105 and 106: iti pobrojane uočene anomalije i n
Page 107 and 108: tual endeavours contribute the soci
Page 109 and 110: MAJA POLJAK Odjel za filozofiju, Sv
Page 111 and 112: verziteta«, točnije, seminarskog
Page 113 and 114: either bureaucratic and politicized
Page 115 and 116: Jedna od tih je, svakako, ideja sve
Page 117 and 118: jesti kao holistički okvir za istr
Page 119 and 120: WHY IS UNIVERSITY STILL IMPORTANT?
Page 121 and 122: LINO VELJAK Filozofski fakultet, Sv
Page 123 and 124: assistance in the Vedas, Upanishads
Page 125 and 126: RADOMIR VIDENOVIĆ Filozofski fakul
Page 127 and 128: BUDISLAV VUKAS, ml. Pravni fakultet
Page 129 and 130: DIVNA VUKSANOVIĆ Fakultet dramskih
Page 131 and 132: ENIS ZEBIĆ Zagreb, Hrvatska / Zagr
Page 133: BOJAN ŽALEC Faculty of Theology, U
Page 136 and 137: Petrić i Gučetić svoje traktate
Page 138 and 139: of the paper deals with Ficino’s
Page 140 and 141: If we accept that Comenius was stro
Page 142 and 143: φιλοσοφία), a možda i sv
Page 144 and 145: i završne riječi cjelokupnog Filo
Page 146 and 147: On 131v-140r the manuscript, eviden
Page 148 and 149: The third stage researches the rece
Page 150 and 151: PETRIĆ AND (PSEUDO-)PHILOPONUS Phi
Page 152 and 153: Unlike the other three characters,
Page 156 and 157: tion to the emergence of ‘new opt
Page 158 and 159: assertions of Plato and Aristotle,
Page 160 and 161: The same concept of happiness appea
Page 162 and 163: IVICA MARTINOVIĆ, MARIN MARTINIĆ
Page 164 and 165: 15. Thomas Thomson, An attempt to e
Page 166 and 167: 166 pp. 515-516, with the descripti
Page 168 and 169: Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschich
Page 170 and 171: Prvi subtezarij »De principiis et
Page 172 and 173: chapter “De astronomia physica,
Page 174 and 175: minje postojanje »nečega« izmeđ
Page 176 and 177: the Greek verb system he encountere
Page 178 and 179: su u 19. stoljeću nazvani »točka
Page 180 and 181: fundamental rule of defining the ur
Page 183 and 184: Međunarodni simpozij IDEJA SVEUČI
Page 185 and 186: Richard F. Gombrich Balliol College
Page 187 and 188: Nenad Malović Katolički bogoslovn
Page 189 and 190: Iris Tićac Odjel za filozofiju Sve
Page 191 and 192: 19. simpozij OD PETRIĆA DO BOŠKOV
Page 193: Dodatak: popratni tekstovi uz simpo
Page 196 and 197: egarded as some of the world’s be
Page 198 and 199: professorship is the same as a chai
Page 201 and 202: of the organization Save British Sc
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all right to be clever at a specifi
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the Commons Education Select Commit
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out of his bookcase to show it to t
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which is completed in three years.
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and they should be used for those g
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value and thus to be worthless. In
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in Britain. Since then there have b
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9 names, because even though the ot
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“There are few things on which ma
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department, employing six teaching
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and “the stick is mightily more e
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Politicians are not the only ones t
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I explained in my Tokyo speech that
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ing, like all evaluation, is a form
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wäre weitaus geringer, wenn nicht
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diese auch sind. Aber an einen akad
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Diese Bildung, diese Sensibilitäte
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STALNI Donatori DANA FRANE PETRIĆA
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1992 Suvremena filozofska gibanja
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IZDAVAČ: BIBLIOTEKA: ZA IZDAVAČA:
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Programska knjiÅ¾ica - Hrvatsko filozofsko druÅ¡tvo

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