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Programska knjižica - Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo

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BRUNO ĆURKO<br />

Institut za filozofiju, Zagreb, Hrvatska /<br />

Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia<br />

JOHN HENRY NEWMAN I KRITIČKO MIŠLJENJE<br />

NA SVEUČILIŠTIMA<br />

John Henry Newman 1851. godine napisao je djelo Discourses on the<br />

Scope and Nature of University Education koje je posvetio katolicima u Dublinu.<br />

Isto djelo objavljeno je 1852. pod naslovom The Idea of a University.<br />

U ovom djelu Newman promišlja o sveučilišnoj razini obrazovanja. Newman<br />

tvrdi kako je, uz čitanje knjiga i svladavanje novih znanja, za buduće kritičko<br />

građanstvo važna preciznost uma. Ona se uvježbava te je rezultat rada, discipline<br />

i navike. Ono o čemu govori Newman nije ništa drugo nego kritičko<br />

mišljenje. Radi toga se Newman i njegovo djelo nalaze u svim boljim priručnicima<br />

i enciklopedijama koje obrađuju povijesni razvoj teorija kritičkoga<br />

mišljenja. Newman zahtjeva uvježbavanje onog što danas nazivamo ‘kritičko<br />

mišljenje’ na sveučilištima i tvrdi kako takvo obrazovanje »daje čovjeku jasan<br />

pogled na vlastito mišljenje i sudove, istinu u njihovu razvoju, rječitost u njihovu<br />

izražavanju i snagu u njihovu pozivu« (Newman, 1999., 126). Na kraju<br />

izlaganja prikazat ću koliko je (i je li?) Bolonjski proces u skladu s navedenim<br />

Newmanovim tezama.<br />

JOHN HENRY NEWMAN AND CRITICAL THINKING<br />

AT UNIVERSITIES<br />

In 1851 John Henry Newman has written the book Discourses on the Scope<br />

and Nature of University Education. The same work was published in 1852<br />

entitled The Idea of a University. In this work Newman reflects on the university<br />

education. Newman argues that for future critical citizens merely reading<br />

books and accepting the new knowledge is not enough. He argues in favor of<br />

possessing sharpness and the precision of the mind, which can be practiced,<br />

and at the end it is the results of work, discipline and habits. Newman talks<br />

about the critical thinking. That is why we can find Newman and The Idea of<br />

a University in all handbooks and encyclopedias that deal with the historical<br />

development of the theory of critical thinking. Newman requires practicing<br />

of what we today call ‘critical thinking’ in universities and argues that such<br />

education “gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and jud-<br />

58

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