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chapter “De astronomia physica,” he accepted Bošković’s modification of Newton’s law of universal gravitation: periodical motion of the planets and comets follows “more approximately” (quam proxime) and not accurately (accurate) Newton’s law. The tenth chapter “De lumine, coloribus et igne” opens with a thesis on the nature of light: “Light is composed of most tenuous particles of the illuminant bodies.” Makó shared Bošković’s view on this problem. In the last, fifteenth chapter he also included a thesis on the nature of taste, very close to Bošković’s description. The mentioned Makó’s thesaurus was also printed at the end of 1767 and 1768, as a separate volume but under the title Materia tentaminis publici, commonly used at the Theresianum at the time. In 1777 Ivan Krstitelj Horvath, professor of physics at the University of Tyrnau (Regia Universitas Tyrnaviensis), published his thesaurus Tentamen publicum ex praelectionibus physicis. It was defended by a young Paulin Valentin Salaj on 26 April 1777, before Mihovil Šoretić, director of the Faculty of Philosophy and professor of pathology and medical practice, and Josip Mitterpacher, dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and professor of higher mathematics. The first chapter “De principiis et communibus corporum proprietatibus” Horvath composed under direct influence of Bošković’s theory of forces. He first exposed Bošković’s doctrine on the attractive and repulsive forces: notion of force as determinatio, curve of forces, limits of cohesion in its null-points, interpretation of fluidity and elasticity of bodies by means of forces; chemical properties depending on mutual forces between the molecules. He also followed Bošković’s sentence on the force of inertia: “Force, considered as determination of being at rest or of moving uniformly in straight line, may be attributed not only to the individual elements, but also to the bodies.” On the other hand, on the nature of the elements of matter Horvath did not put forward a single thesis nor did he attempt to use Bošković’s term materiae punctum. In the chapter “De viribus centralibus et gravitate universali,” Horvath did not accept Bošković’s modification of Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Nor can Bošković’s influence be traced in the chapters “Ex mechanica” and “Ex astronomia physica”. The physics thesauri of Leopold Biwald and Pál Makó, the former’s published in Graz in 1765 and the latter’s in Vienna in 1766, mirror a strong influence of Bošković’s natural philosophy at the Austrian universities prior to the suppresion of the Society of Jesus in two different forms. However, the thesaurus of Ivan Krstitelj Horvath, former Jesuit, confirms the continuity of Bošković’s influence in the new social and educational circumstances at the state university in Tyrnau. Apparently, Bošković’s doctrine on the structure of 172
matter was not fully adopted by the three professors, most probably because of the strong objections publicly raised to Bošković’s points of matter (Scarella). Key words: Ruđer Bošković, Leopold Biwald, Pál Makó, Ivan Krstitelj Horvath; points of matter, law of forces, curve of forces, limits of cohesion; general properties of bodies, gravitation, chemical operations, light, taste SNJEŽANA PAUŠEK-BAŽDAR Zavod za povijest i filozofiju znanosti HAZU, Zagreb, Hrvatska / Institute of the History and Philosophy of Science, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia SLIČNOSTI I RAZLIKE IZMEĐU PETRIĆEVIH I DE DOMINISOVIH POGLEDA O STRUKTURI TVARI Poznato je da su Frane Petrić i Marko Antun de Dominis djelovali u okviru oprečnih prirodnofilozofijskih sustava, prvi u okviru platoničkoga odnosno novoplatoničkoga, a drugi u okviru peripatetičkoga. No, oni su o strukturi tvari izložili slična gledišta. Kad u Pancosmia (1591) izlaže o krutim anorganskim tvarima, Petrić tvrdi da su one građene od čestica koje su nastale kontrakcijom od četvrtoga Petrićeva počela – fluida (fluor). Svojstva i raznolikosti krutih tvari ovise o omjeru tih čestica prema trećem Petrićevu počelu – toplini (calor). Tako je svaka tvar određena odnosom fluida i topline. Pri tome se fluid u tekućim i krutim tvarima pojavljuje u obliku nedjeljivih čestica. Te su čestice međusobno spojene tzv. ljepilom (gluten). U cijeloj povijesti znanosti Petrićev gluten prvi je začetak ideje o postojanju kemijske veze između čestica tvari. Danas znamo da je kemijska veza utemeljena na principu energije, a Petrić je gluten u 16. stoljeću uveo s pomoću principa topline. U svom posljednjem tiskanom djelu Euripus (1624) de Dominis ne koristi nazive atomos i corpuscula atoma, nego govori o čestici (particula) i kuglici (globula). Oblik čestice uspoređuje sa zrnom graška ili leće. Oko okrugle čestice koja je smještena u središtu svijeta kružno se slažu ostale čestice zemlje, a potom vode. One zbog svoje okrugloće neće moći biti priljubljene jedna uz drugu, pa premda Dominis to ne zaključuje, slijedi da između njih postoje mala područja praznog prostora. Stoga se de Dominisovo gledište o okruglim česticama tvari kosi s peripatetičkim naukom o nepostojanju praznog prostora. Premda je Frane Petrić bio 31 godinu stariji od de Dominisa, gledišta filozofa iz Cresa o strukturi tvari su znatno inovativnija zato što on prvi put spo- 173
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ISSN: 1848-2228 HRVATSKO FILOZOFSKO
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SADRŽAJ / CONTENTS Organizacijski
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21. DANI FRANE PETRIĆA Uvod 21st D
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znanstvenim opusom u 13. stoljeću,
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THE IDEA OF THE UNIVERSITY Mislav J
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all else in the service of such dev
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OD PETRIĆA DO BOŠKOVIĆA: HRVATSK
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2. The sources of Petrić’s and B
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Simpozij IDEJA SVEUČILIŠTA Sympos
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Legal History in the Curricula of t
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16:15-16:30 RAJKA ŠVRLJUGA (Hrvats
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UTORAK, 25. rujna 2012. / TUESDAY,
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Predsjedava / Chairperson: JOSIP OS
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SRIJEDA, 26. rujna 2012. / WEDNESDA
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PLENARNA PREDAVANJA ::: PLENARY LEC
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Predsjedavaju / Chairpersons: IVICA
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10:15-10:45 Petrićeve Discussiones
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The Reception of Bošković’s Nat
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Međunarodni simpozij IDEJA SVEUČI
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LOGIČKA OGRANIČENJA I ONTOLOŠKI
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USTROJ ODSJEKA ZA FILOZOFIJU U MODE
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problem. On the other hand, the ver
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gitimnosti (bliske) veze između re
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striktnog državnog nositelja. On j
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DRAGAN ĆALOVIĆ Fakultet za kultur
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gments, a truth in developing them,
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NENAD DAKOVIĆ Beograd, Srbija / Be
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u atmosferi aphetéos-ēdone, unive
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skog tipa sveučilišta nego su u n
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RICHARD F. GOMBRICH Faculty of Orie
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UNIVERSITY, HIGHER EDUCATION, AND N
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AMINA ISANOVIĆ Filozofski fakultet
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ge as a whole and the light whose o
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ju narav sveučilišta i uloge znan
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ZNANOST I ETIKA: NEKE NAPOMENE O RA
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INDUSTRIALISATION OF THE UNIVERSITY
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nim, odnosno profitabilnim istraži
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disable competition, not to introdu
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socijalnih mehanizama upotrebe znan
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MISLAV KUKOČ Faculty of Philosophy
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ard of their human and moral qualit
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UNIVERZITET VISVA-BHARATI; TAGORINO
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UNIVERSITY: FROM SPECULATION TO CRI
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»SUSTAV« U FILOZOFIJI KAO POSLJED
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curricula’s subjects. For him, th
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This protest shows that students wa
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der Universität in der Zeit des Zw
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losophy, Pedagogy and Logics. As th
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iti pobrojane uočene anomalije i n
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tual endeavours contribute the soci
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MAJA POLJAK Odjel za filozofiju, Sv
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verziteta«, točnije, seminarskog
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either bureaucratic and politicized
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Jedna od tih je, svakako, ideja sve
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jesti kao holistički okvir za istr
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WHY IS UNIVERSITY STILL IMPORTANT?
Page 121 and 122: LINO VELJAK Filozofski fakultet, Sv
Page 123 and 124: assistance in the Vedas, Upanishads
Page 125 and 126: RADOMIR VIDENOVIĆ Filozofski fakul
Page 127 and 128: BUDISLAV VUKAS, ml. Pravni fakultet
Page 129 and 130: DIVNA VUKSANOVIĆ Fakultet dramskih
Page 131 and 132: ENIS ZEBIĆ Zagreb, Hrvatska / Zagr
Page 133: BOJAN ŽALEC Faculty of Theology, U
Page 136 and 137: Petrić i Gučetić svoje traktate
Page 138 and 139: of the paper deals with Ficino’s
Page 140 and 141: If we accept that Comenius was stro
Page 142 and 143: φιλοσοφία), a možda i sv
Page 144 and 145: i završne riječi cjelokupnog Filo
Page 146 and 147: On 131v-140r the manuscript, eviden
Page 148 and 149: The third stage researches the rece
Page 150 and 151: PETRIĆ AND (PSEUDO-)PHILOPONUS Phi
Page 152 and 153: Unlike the other three characters,
Page 154 and 155: popratna obrazloženja u znanstveni
Page 156 and 157: tion to the emergence of ‘new opt
Page 158 and 159: assertions of Plato and Aristotle,
Page 160 and 161: The same concept of happiness appea
Page 162 and 163: IVICA MARTINOVIĆ, MARIN MARTINIĆ
Page 164 and 165: 15. Thomas Thomson, An attempt to e
Page 166 and 167: 166 pp. 515-516, with the descripti
Page 168 and 169: Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschich
Page 170 and 171: Prvi subtezarij »De principiis et
Page 174 and 175: minje postojanje »nečega« izmeđ
Page 176 and 177: the Greek verb system he encountere
Page 178 and 179: su u 19. stoljeću nazvani »točka
Page 180 and 181: fundamental rule of defining the ur
Page 183 and 184: Međunarodni simpozij IDEJA SVEUČI
Page 185 and 186: Richard F. Gombrich Balliol College
Page 187 and 188: Nenad Malović Katolički bogoslovn
Page 189 and 190: Iris Tićac Odjel za filozofiju Sve
Page 191 and 192: 19. simpozij OD PETRIĆA DO BOŠKOV
Page 193: Dodatak: popratni tekstovi uz simpo
Page 196 and 197: egarded as some of the world’s be
Page 198 and 199: professorship is the same as a chai
Page 201 and 202: of the organization Save British Sc
Page 203 and 204: seem at the bottom a deadly ideolog
Page 205 and 206: all right to be clever at a specifi
Page 207 and 208: the Commons Education Select Commit
Page 209 and 210: out of his bookcase to show it to t
Page 211 and 212: which is completed in three years.
Page 213 and 214: and they should be used for those g
Page 215 and 216: value and thus to be worthless. In
Page 217 and 218: in Britain. Since then there have b
Page 219 and 220: 9 names, because even though the ot
Page 221 and 222: “There are few things on which ma
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department, employing six teaching
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and “the stick is mightily more e
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Politicians are not the only ones t
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I explained in my Tokyo speech that
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ing, like all evaluation, is a form
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wäre weitaus geringer, wenn nicht
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diese auch sind. Aber an einen akad
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Diese Bildung, diese Sensibilitäte
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STALNI Donatori DANA FRANE PETRIĆA
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1992 Suvremena filozofska gibanja
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IZDAVAČ: BIBLIOTEKA: ZA IZDAVAČA:
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