PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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Figure 4 . Rates of calcium leaching through soil profile and rate of precipitation during 1970-71 growing season . occurrence of precipitation . The largest quantities of elements are transferred during periods of relatively high temperatures and ample precipitation . Figure 4 illustrates the relationship between leaching of calcium from the forest floor and A horizon of the minera l soil in 1970-71 and precipitation in tha t interval . As can be seen from these data, the greatest quantities of calcium were transferre d during the spring and autumn when decomposer activity was relatively high and sufficient precipitation fell to flush the decomposition products into the soil . Conclusions Mineral cycling processes within a forest ecosystem are responsive to changes in th e mass and structure of the standing crop an d also to the shorter term effects of climatic variation . Of the two, the effects of climatic variation are the most readily seen . For this reason, any efforts to describe mineral cycling processes within a forest ecosystem must include sufficient data that effects of changes in mass and structure of the ecosystem can be resolved and separated from the large year-toyear effects of climatic variability . Present and future mineral cycling research at the Thompson site is directed towards separating and describing the possibly inter - dependent effects of growth and climate on mineral cycling processes in second-growt h Douglas-fir . Acknowledgments The work reported in this paper was sup - ported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No . GB-20963 to the Coniferous Forest Biome, U .S. Analysis of Ecosystems , International Biological Program. This i s Contribution No. 28 to the Coniferous Forest Biome, IBP . 112
Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxide production and diffusion in forest floor materiala study of gas exchange in biologically active porous media. 120 p . Ph .D . thesis on file, Univ . Wash., Seattle . Cole, D . W . 1968 . A system for measuring conductivity, acidity, and rate of flow in a forest soil . Water Resour. Res. 4 : 1127-1136 . and S . P . Gessel . 1965 . Movement of elements through a forest soil a s influenced by tree removal and fertilizer additions . In C. T . Youngberg (Ed .) Forestsoil relationships in North America, p . 95-104. Corvallis, Oreg. : Oreg. State Univ . Press . and S. P . Gessel . 1968 . Cedar River research-a program for studyin g pathways, rates and processes of elemental cycling in a forest ecosystem. For. Resour . Monogr . Contrib . No . 4, 53 p . Univ. Wash . , Seattle . S. P. Gessel, and S . F. Dice . 1967 . Distribution and cycling of nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium, and calcium in a second-growth Douglas-fir ecosystem . In Primary productivity and mineral cycling in natural ecosystems-symposium, p . 193-197. Assoc . Advan. Sci. 13th Annu . Meet. Orono : Univ . Maine Press . Dice, S . F. 1970 . The biomass and nutrien t flux in a second-growth Douglas-fir ecosystem (a study in quantitative ecology) . 165 p . Ph .D . thesis on file, Univ . Wash . , Seattle . Literature Cited Grier, C . C. 1972 . Effects of fire on the movement and distribution of elements within a forest ecosystem. 167 p. Ph.D. thesis on file, Univ . Wash ., Seattle . and J. G . McColl . 1971 . Forest floor characteristics within a small plot i n Douglas-fir in western Washington . Soil Sci . Soc. Am. Proc . 35 : 988-991 . Hoover, M . D., and A . H . Lunt . 1952 . A key for the classification of forest humus types . Soil Sci . Soc. Am. Proc . 16:368-370 . Jackson, M. L. 1958 . Soil chemical analysis . 498 p. Englewood Cliffs, N .J . : Prentice- Hall, Inc . Linder, R . C., and C . P . Harley . 1942 . A rapid method for the determination of nitroge n in plant tissue . Science 96 : 565-566 . Logan, J. 1961 . Estimation of electrical conductivity from chemical analysis of natural waters. J . Geophys . Res . 66: 2479-2483 . McColl, J . G . 1969. Ion transport in a forest soil : models and mechanisms . 214 p . Ph.D . thesis on file, Univ . Wash., Seattle . and D. W. Cole. 1968 . A mechanism of cation transport in a forest soil . Northwest Sci . 42 : 134-140 . Rahman, A . H. M . M. 1964. A study of the movement of elements from tree crowns b y natural litterfall, stemflow and leaf wash . 117 p. M.F. thesis on file, Univ . Wash . , Seattle . U .S. Department of Agriculture. 1960. Soil classification-a comprehensive system-7th approximation. 265 p. Washington, D .C . : U .S. Govt. Print. Office . 113
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
Page 25 and 26:
Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
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subsystems as objects . In addition
Page 51 and 52:
several models together to form the
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
The study areas are located at seve
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K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
Page 59 and 60:
An alternative way of considering i
Page 61 and 62: Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
Page 63 and 64: d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
Page 65 and 66: Calibration of Parameter s In gener
Page 67 and 68: model being developed under the Con
Page 69 and 70: Usually, we are interested in the o
Page 71 and 72: LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
Page 73 and 74: the watershed. The hydrologic model
Page 75 and 76: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 77 and 78: considered as part of another food
Page 79 and 80: PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
Page 81 and 82: Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
Page 83 and 84: ful in regions with relatively unif
Page 85 and 86: epresents the basic linkages betwee
Page 87 and 88: Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
Page 89 and 90: vation that species such as Brewer
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
Page 93 and 94: Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
Page 95 and 96: Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
Page 97 and 98: Here v is the volume of water cross
Page 99 and 100: 2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
Page 101 and 102: .0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
Page 105 and 106: ment of the flux of ions through th
Page 107 and 108: Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
Page 109 and 110: Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
Page 111: Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
Page 115 and 116: 2. How effectively are these chemic
Page 117 and 118: Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
Page 119 and 120: Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
Page 121 and 122: 0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
Page 123 and 124: _3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
Page 125 and 126: 0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
Page 127 and 128: 8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
Page 129 and 130: water is dominant because flowing w
Page 133 and 134: Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
Page 135 and 136: Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
Page 137 and 138: of the nitrogen was not determined.
Page 139 and 140: Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
Page 141 and 142: through litterfall . More amounts o
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
Page 147 and 148: 1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
Page 149 and 150: Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
Page 151 and 152: in our example) and the running tot
Page 153 and 154: Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
Page 157 and 158: Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
Page 159 and 160: this case the slopes of activity-ti
Page 161 and 162: solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
ing methods . Every point in the sa
Page 167 and 168:
Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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where C is the percentage cover by
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Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
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NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
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Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
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Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
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Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
Page 199 and 200:
Bird Studies The forest birds were
Page 201 and 202:
Further Studies The data provided f
Page 203 and 204:
Terrestrial Process Studies 209
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from theses. The principal processe
Page 207 and 208:
Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
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at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
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Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214:
Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216:
Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
Page 217 and 218:
Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
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which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226:
The first three terms of equation 1
Page 227 and 228:
P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
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Page 231 and 232:
This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234:
The important interaction between l
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
(3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
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0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242:
Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
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4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
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1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
Page 247 and 248:
may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250:
7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252:
Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 253 and 254:
extracted was determined by the wei
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
Page 259 and 260:
Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
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studies in conifers-a review . In J
Page 263 and 264:
permeable to both CO 2 and water va
Page 265 and 266:
insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
Page 267 and 268:
Aquatic Process Studies 279
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stream environments (Krygier and Ha
Page 271 and 272:
S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
Page 273 and 274:
ingestion variation between individ
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
contribute to detrital compartment
Page 279 and 280:
volume measurement, realizing that
Page 281 and 282:
fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
Page 283 and 284:
18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
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a function of time and space, (b) c
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
Page 291 and 292:
Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
Page 293 and 294:
during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
Page 295 and 296:
greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
Page 297 and 298:
2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
Page 299 and 300:
detectable increase in concentratio
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in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
Page 303 and 304:
Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
Page 305 and 306:
targets are insonified several time
Page 307 and 308:
This program will automatically cal
Page 309:
The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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