PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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during the day. Therefore, despite low soil water supply, greater nighttime recharging was possible because the deficits developed were less . Acknowledgments The work reported in this paper was sup - ported by National Science Foundation Gran t No . GB-20963 to the Coniferous Forest Biome, U .S. Analysis of Ecosystems, International Biological Program . This is Contribution No . 43 to the Coniferous Forest Biome , IBP . The authors are also indebted to Mr . Peter K. McCracken and Mr . Peter S . Machno for their assistance in various phases of this study . Literature Cited Anderson, H . C. 1968. Growth from and distribution of vine maple (Acer circinatum) on Marys Peak, western Oregon . Ecology 50(1): 127-130 . Cole, D . W., and S . P. Gessel. 1968. A pro - gram for studying the pathways, rates an d processes of elemental cycling in a fores t ecosystem . Coll. of Forest Resour . Contrib . No. 4, 54 p ., Univ. Wash., Seattle . Crafts, A . S . 1968. Water deficits and physiological processes . In T. T . Kozlowski (ed .) , Water deficits and plant growth . Vol. 2 . Plant water consumption and response, p . 85-133 . New York : Academic Press . Gates, C . T. 1968. Water deficits and growth of herbaceous plants . In T . T . Kozlowsk i (ed.), Water deficits and plant growth . Vol . 2 . Plant water consumption and response , p. 135-190 . New York : Academic Press . Hinckley, T. M . 1971 . Estimate of water flo w in Douglas-fir seedlings . Ecology 52(3) : 525-528 . and D . R. M. Scott . 1971. Estimates of water loss and its relation to environmental parameters in Douglas-fi r saplings . Ecology 52(3) : 520-524 . Klepper, B . 1968 . Diurnal patterns of water potential in woody plants . Plant Physiol . 43: 1931-1934 . Knutsen, S . K. 1965. Hydrologic processes in 30- to 35-year-old stands of Douglas-fir an d alder in western Washington . 167 p .,illus . M .S. thesis, on file at Univ . Wash., Seattle . Kramer, P. J., and T. T. Kozlowski . 1960 . Physiology of trees. 642 p., illus. New York: McGraw-Hill . Lyons, C . P . 1964. Trees, shrubs, and flower s to know in Washington . 211 p., illus . Toronto, Can . : J. M. Dent and Sons . Machno, P . S. 1966. Water balance and soi l moisture studies in western Massachusetts . 136 p., illus. M .S. thesis, on file at Univ . Mass ., Amherst . Marshall, D . C . 1958. Measurement of sap flow in conifers by heat transport . Plan t Physiol . 33 : 385-396 . Rutter, A. J . 1968. Water consumption b y forests. In T . T . Kozlowski (ed.), Water deficits and plant growth . Vol. 2. Plant water consumption and response, p . 23-84 . New York : Academic Press . Scholander, P . F., E . D . Hammel, E . D. Bradstreet, and E . A. Hemmingsen. 1965. Sa p pressure in vascular plants . Science 143 : 339-346 . Skau, C . M., and R . H . Swanson . 1963 . An improved heat pulse velocity meter as a n indicator of sap speed and transpiration . J . Geophys . Res. 68 : 4743-4749 . Slayter, R . O. 1967 . Plant-water relationships . 366 p ., illus. New York : Academic Press . Talboys, P . W . 1968 . Water deficits and vascular disease . In T . T . Kozlowski (ed .), Water deficits and plant growth . Vol. 2 . Plant water consumption and response, p . 255-311. New York : Academic Press . Thornthwaite, C . W ., and J . R. Mather . 1957 . Instructions and tables for computing potential evapotranspiration and the wate r balance . Climatol. Drexel Inst . Technol . Publ. 10(3) : 1-311 . Turner, N. C. 1969. Stomatal resistance to transpiration in three contrasting canopies . Crop Sci. 9(3) : 303-307 . Van Bavel, C . H. M ., F. S . Nakayama, and W . L. Ehrler. 1965 . Measuring transpiration resistance of leaves. Plant Physiol . 40 : 535-540 . Walker, R. B., D. R. M . Scott, D . J. Salo and K . L. Reed. 1972 . Terrestrial process 270
studies in conifers-a review . In Jerry F . Franklin, L . J . Dempster, and Richard H . Waring (eds.), Proceedings-Research o n coniferous forest ecosystems-A symposium, p. 211-225, illus . Pac. Northwes t Forest & Range Exp . Stn ., Portland, Oreg. Waring, R. H . 1969. Forest plants of the east - ern Siskiyous: their environmental an d vegetative distribution . Northwest Sci . 43(1) : 1-17 . and B. D. Cleary. 1967. Plan t moisture stress : evaluation by pressure bomb . Science 155 : 1248-1254 . Wendt, C. W., J . R. Runkles, and R . H. Haas . 1967. The measurement of water loss by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var . glandulosa Torr.) using the thermoelectric method . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 31(2) : 161-164 . Zahner, R . 1968 . Water deficits and growth o f trees . In T . T. Kozlowski (ed.), Water deficits and plant growth . Vol. 2. Plant wate r consumption and response, p . 191-254 . New York : Academic Press . 271
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
Page 5 and 6:
Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
Page 7 and 8:
Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
Page 9 and 10:
Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 11 and 12:
directly, to solution of major natu
Page 13 and 14:
4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
Page 15 and 16:
where validation studies could be c
Page 17 and 18:
have been developed . Prior to thei
Page 19 and 20:
of gross production and respiration
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
Page 23 and 24:
Nutrient levels in stream and lake
Page 25 and 26:
Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 27 and 28:
inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
Page 29 and 30:
was slightly raised in 1902, the la
Page 31 and 32:
climate, surrounding terrestrial en
Page 33 and 34:
more similar than between the diffe
Page 35 and 36:
The net rate of primary production
Page 37 and 38:
community structure and energy flo
Page 39 and 40:
est adapted organism vacillates bet
Page 41 and 42:
U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
Page 43 and 44:
successful . Thus we can see modeli
Page 45 and 46:
of the external quantities of S wou
Page 47 and 48:
Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
Page 49 and 50:
subsystems as objects . In addition
Page 51 and 52:
several models together to form the
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
The study areas are located at seve
Page 57 and 58:
K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
Page 59 and 60:
An alternative way of considering i
Page 61 and 62:
Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
Page 63 and 64:
d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
Page 65 and 66:
Calibration of Parameter s In gener
Page 67 and 68:
model being developed under the Con
Page 69 and 70:
Usually, we are interested in the o
Page 71 and 72:
LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
considered as part of another food
Page 79 and 80:
PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
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Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
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ful in regions with relatively unif
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epresents the basic linkages betwee
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Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
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vation that species such as Brewer
Page 91 and 92:
Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
Page 93 and 94:
Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
Page 95 and 96:
Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
Page 97 and 98:
Here v is the volume of water cross
Page 99 and 100:
2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
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.0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
ment of the flux of ions through th
Page 107 and 108:
Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
Page 109 and 110:
Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
Page 113 and 114:
Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
Page 115 and 116:
2. How effectively are these chemic
Page 117 and 118:
Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
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0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
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_3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
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0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
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8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
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water is dominant because flowing w
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
Page 135 and 136:
Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
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of the nitrogen was not determined.
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Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
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through litterfall . More amounts o
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Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
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1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
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Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
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in our example) and the running tot
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Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
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Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
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this case the slopes of activity-ti
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solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
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ing methods . Every point in the sa
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Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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Page 175 and 176:
where C is the percentage cover by
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Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
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NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
Page 185 and 186:
Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
Page 189 and 190:
Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
Page 191 and 192:
Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
Page 199 and 200:
Bird Studies The forest birds were
Page 201 and 202:
Further Studies The data provided f
Page 203 and 204:
Terrestrial Process Studies 209
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from theses. The principal processe
Page 207 and 208:
Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
Page 209 and 210: at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
Page 211 and 212: Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214: Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216: Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
Page 217 and 218: Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
Page 219 and 220: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 221 and 222: Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
Page 223 and 224: which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226: The first three terms of equation 1
Page 227 and 228: P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
Page 231 and 232: This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234: The important interaction between l
Page 237 and 238: (3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
Page 239 and 240: 0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242: Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
Page 243 and 244: 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
Page 245 and 246: 1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
Page 247 and 248: may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250: 7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252: Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 253 and 254: extracted was determined by the wei
Page 257 and 258: I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
Page 259: Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
Page 263 and 264: permeable to both CO 2 and water va
Page 265 and 266: insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
Page 267 and 268: Aquatic Process Studies 279
Page 269 and 270: stream environments (Krygier and Ha
Page 271 and 272: S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
Page 273 and 274: ingestion variation between individ
Page 277 and 278: contribute to detrital compartment
Page 279 and 280: volume measurement, realizing that
Page 281 and 282: fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
Page 283 and 284: 18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
Page 285 and 286: a function of time and space, (b) c
Page 289 and 290: Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
Page 291 and 292: Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
Page 293 and 294: during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
Page 295 and 296: greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
Page 297 and 298: 2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
Page 299 and 300: detectable increase in concentratio
Page 301 and 302: in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
Page 303 and 304: Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
Page 305 and 306: targets are insonified several time
Page 307 and 308: This program will automatically cal
Page 309: The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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