PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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Generic name Table 2.-Ecological distribution of selected species in relation t o plant response indices' PT , PT , T/PT , T/PT , PMS , PMS , TGI, TGI, Soil maxi- mini - maxi- mini- maxi- mini- maxi- mini- tolermum mum mum mum mum mum mum mum anc e ANACARDIACEAE Rhus diversiloba 30.0 17 .7 0 .42 0 .29 25 .4 20 .3 100 80 1 BERBERIDACEA E Achlys triphylla 16.8 1 .00 .57 16 .2 80 60 2 CAPRIFOLIACEAE Lonicera hispidula COMPOSITA E 30.0 17 .7 .29 30.0 25 .4 100 95 1 Arnica latifolia 13.5 7 .5 1 .00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 75 35 2 CUPRESSACEA E Libocedrus decurrens ERICACEAE 19.5 12.2 1 .00 .40 30 .0 5 .2 85 52 1 Arbutus menziesii 30.0 - 1 .00 .29 30 .0 5 .2 98 68 1 Arctostaphylos uiscida 30.0 17 .7 .42 .29 25 .4 20 .3 100 90 1 Rhododendron macrophyllum 12.5 - 1 .00 .57 16 .2 - 100 2 Vaccinium membranaceum 12.5 .63 .46 19 .1 12 .8 60 45 2 Vaccinium scoparium 10.3 1 .00 .46 19 .1 - 50 2 FAGACEA E Castanopsis chrysophylla 19.5 - 1.00 .51 15 .3 - 85 40 1 Quercus chrysolepis 30.0 12 .0 1.00 .63 30 .0 8 .0 100 78 1 Quercus kelloggii 30.0 17 .6 .42 .29 30 .0 15 .0 98 80 1 Quercus sdeeriana 16.8 - 1 .00 .46 19 .1 - 70 50 1 Quercus uaccinifolia 30.0 .40 - 30.0 100 - 1 GARRYACEA E Garrya fremontii 30.0 12 .7 .62 .40 30 .0 12 .6 70 50 1 LABIATA E Monardella odoratissima 21 .4 .62 .40 20 .3 12 .6 100 35 1 LEG UMIN OS A E Lathyrus polyphyllus 13.1 - 1 .00 .63 12 .8 5 .2 85 45 2 Lupinus leucophyllus 30.0 12 .7 .86 - 30.0 8 .4 70 50 3 LILIACEAE Clintonia uniflora 13 .1 7 .5 1.00 .51 16 .2 5 .2 85 35 2 Disporum hooheri 16 .8 12 .2 1.00 .51 16 .2 5 .2 85 45 2 Xerophylium tenax 19 .5 - 1 .00 .40 19 .1 8 .4 80 40 1 PINACEA E Abies concolor 19.5 - 1 .00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 84 47 1 Abies magnifica 12.5 7 .5 1 .00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 59 34 2 var . shastensis Picea breweriana 10.3 1 .00 .46 19 .1 52 1 Picea engelmannii 11 .0 - 1.00 .63 12 .8 - 47 - 2 Pinus jeffreyi 25.0 12 .7 .61 - 25 .0 8 .4 100 52 3 Pinus lambertiana 21 .4 11 .0 1 .00 .29 25 .4 5 .2 96 45 1 Pin us ponderosa 21 .4 13 .5 1 .00 .29 25 .4 5 .2 98 68 2 Pinus monticola 19.5 7 .8 1 .00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 70 44 1 Pseudotsuga menziesii 21 .4 - 1 .00 .29 25 .4 5 .2 98 47 1 Tsuga mertensiana 11 .0 7 .5 1 .00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 59 34 2 POLEMONIACEA E Phlox adsurgens 16.8 10 .3 1.00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 85 52 2 Polemonium californicum 7 .8 - 1 .00 .98 5 .2 - 50 30 2 POLYGONACEAE Polygonum dauisiae 7 .8 1 .00 .98 5 .2 40 30 2 POLYPODIACEAE Onychium densum RANUNCULACEAE 30.0 12 .7 .62 18 .1 5 .2 80 50 3 Anemone deltoidea 19 .5 7 .8 1 .00 .51 19 .1 5 .2 85 45 1 Anemone lyallii 19 .5 7 .8 1 .00 .51 15 .3 5 .2 75 45 2 ROSACEAE Amelanchier pallida 16.8 .62 .46 19 .1 75 50 1 Rubus lasiococcus 12.5 1 .00 .46 19 .1 - 60 - 2 Rubus paruiflorus SAXIFRAGACEA E 16 .8 1 .00 .51 16 .2 5 .2 85 50 2 Ribes viscosissimum 13 .1 7 .8 1 .00 .51 16 .2 5 .2 85 40 2 Tiarella unifoliata 13 .1 - 1 .00 .63 12 .0 - 85 47 2 SCROPHULARIACEAE Pedicularis racemosa VALERIANACEAE 12.5 7 .5 1 .00 .51 16 .2 5 .2 65 35 2 Valeriana sitchensis VIOLACEA E 7 .8 1 .00 .98 5 .2 45 30 2 Viola glabella Viola sempereirens 13 .1 13 .1 7 .5 - 1 .00 1 .00 .63 .57 12 .8 16 .2 5 .2 5 .2 95 85 35 45 2 2 ' P otential transpiration (PT) is calculated for April through September based on a minimum stomatal resistance of 4 se c cm Transpiration is expressed in g cm - 2 The ratio of simulated transpiration (T) to potential (PT) reflects the degree of stomatal control exhibited by a referenc e conifer. Plant Moisture Stress (PMS) is expressed in atm and represents predawn measurements on reference conifers near the end of the summer dry season (Sept .) . A Temperature Growth Index (TGI) reflects the potential for Douglas-fir seedling growth as a function of air and soil t emp erature for the entire growing season. The soil tolerance index indicates whether the species is exclusively restricted (class 3), tolerant (class 1), or excluded (class 2) from infertile ultrabasic soils . Values of 30 in PT and PMS columns indicate species are known to occupy environments more extreme than possible fo r coniferous forest . 8 7
Table 3.-Predicted plant response indices for 25 forest ecosystems based on th e inclusive limits of species present with known ecological distributions ' Forest type 2 Stand PT , PT, T/PT , T/PT , PMS , PMS, TGI , TGI , Soi l maxi - mini- maxi - mini- maxi - mini- maxi- mini - tolermum mum mum mum mum mum mum mum anc e Black oak 3 21 .4 17 .7 0 .29 0 .29 25 .4 25 .4 98 95 1 Black oak 21 3 21 .4 17 .7 .29 .29 25 .4 25 .4 96 95 1 Ponderosa pine 8 21 .4 17 .7 .42 .40 20 .3 20 .3 96 90 1 Ponderosa pine 12 3 16 .8 13 .5 .62 .46 19 .1 12 .6 70 68 1 Mixed conifer 1 13 .5 13 .5 .62 .51 15 .3 5 .2 75 68 2 Mixed conifer 11 16 .8 13 .5 1 .00 .57 15 .3 5 .2 70 68 1 Mixed conifer 13 13 .1 12 .2 1 .00 .63 12 .8 8 .4 80 68 1 Mixed conifer 19 13 .1 12 .2 1 .00 .63 12 .8 5 .2 84 68 2 White fir 2 12 .5 12 .2 .62 .51 15 .3 12 .6 65 50 1 White fir 9 12 .5 12 .2 .63 .57 16 .2 12 .8 59 60 2 White fir 14 3 13 .1 11 .0 1 .00 .63 12 .8 8 .4 70 52 2 White fir 22 3 13 .1 10 .3 .62 .63 12 .8 5 .2 70 52 2 Shasta red fir 7 3 7 .8 7 .8 1 .00 .98 5 .2 5 .2 45 45 2 Shasta red fir 16 12.5 7 .5 1 .00 .51 15 .3 5 .2 59 40 1 Shasta red fir 17 7 .8 7 .8 1 .00 .98 5 .2 5 .2 45 45 2 Mountain hemlock 6 7 .8 7 .5 1 .00 .98 5 .2 5 .2 45 35 2 Mountain hemlock 15 3 11 .0 7 .5 1 .00 .46 19 .1 5 .2 59 34 2 Mountain hemlock 18 3 7 .8 7 .5 .62 .46 19 .1 12 .6 40 35 2 Mountain hemlock 24 3 7 .8 7 .8 1 .00 .98 5 .2 5 .2 45 44 2 Jeffrey pine 4 16 .8 12 .7 .61 .51 15 .3 12 .6 70 52 3 Jeffrey pine 5 19 .5 12 .7 .40 .40 18 .1 12 .6 70 52 3 Jeffrey pine 25 3 19.5 12 .7 .61 .51 15 .3 8 .4 70 52 3 Yew 20 3 17 .7 16 .8 .51 .42 16 .2 15 .0 85 80 2 Engelmann spruce 23 11 .0 11 .0 .63 .63 12 .8 12 .8 47 47 2 Brewer spruce 10 10.3 7 .8 .62 .46 19 .1 12 .8 50 50 2 ' Potential transpiration (PT) is calculated for April through September based on a minimum stomatal resistance of 4 sec cm^1 . Transpiration expressed in cm- 2 The ratio or simulated transpiration (T) to potential (PT) reflects the degree of stomata] control exhibited by a referenc e conifer. Plant Moisture Stress (PMS) is expressed in atm and represents predawn measurements on reference conifers near the en d of the summer dry season (Sept .) . A Temperature Growth Index (TGI) reflects the potential for Douglas-fir seedling growth as a function of air and soil temperature for the entire growing season . The soil tolerance index indicates whether the species is exclusively restricted (class 3), tolerant (class 1), or excluded (clas s 2) from infertile ultrabasic soils . 2 From R . H . Waring, Forest plants of the eastern Siskiyous : their environmental and vegetational distribution. Northwes t Sci . 43 : 1-17, 1969 . 'Simulation of PT and T/PT was not possible because of inadequate data . The predicted values appear reasonable whe n compared with other stands with similar vegetation, temperature, and plant moisture stress indices . 88
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
Page 9 and 10:
Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
Page 39 and 40: est adapted organism vacillates bet
Page 41 and 42: U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
Page 43 and 44: successful . Thus we can see modeli
Page 45 and 46: of the external quantities of S wou
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
Page 49 and 50: subsystems as objects . In addition
Page 51 and 52: several models together to form the
Page 53 and 54: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 55 and 56: The study areas are located at seve
Page 57 and 58: K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
Page 59 and 60: An alternative way of considering i
Page 61 and 62: Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
Page 63 and 64: d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
Page 65 and 66: Calibration of Parameter s In gener
Page 67 and 68: model being developed under the Con
Page 69 and 70: Usually, we are interested in the o
Page 71 and 72: LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
Page 73 and 74: the watershed. The hydrologic model
Page 77 and 78: considered as part of another food
Page 79 and 80: PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
Page 81 and 82: Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
Page 83 and 84: ful in regions with relatively unif
Page 85 and 86: epresents the basic linkages betwee
Page 87 and 88: Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
Page 89: vation that species such as Brewer
Page 93 and 94: Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
Page 95 and 96: Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
Page 97 and 98: Here v is the volume of water cross
Page 99 and 100: 2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
Page 101 and 102: .0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
Page 105 and 106: ment of the flux of ions through th
Page 107 and 108: Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
Page 109 and 110: Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
Page 111 and 112: Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
Page 113 and 114: Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
Page 115 and 116: 2. How effectively are these chemic
Page 117 and 118: Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
Page 119 and 120: Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
Page 121 and 122: 0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
Page 123 and 124: _3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
Page 125 and 126: 0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
Page 127 and 128: 8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
Page 129 and 130: water is dominant because flowing w
Page 133 and 134: Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
Page 135 and 136: Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
Page 137 and 138: of the nitrogen was not determined.
Page 139 and 140: Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
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through litterfall . More amounts o
Page 143 and 144:
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Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
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1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
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Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
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in our example) and the running tot
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Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
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Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
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this case the slopes of activity-ti
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solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
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ing methods . Every point in the sa
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Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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Page 175 and 176:
where C is the percentage cover by
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Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
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NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
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Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
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Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
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Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
Page 199 and 200:
Bird Studies The forest birds were
Page 201 and 202:
Further Studies The data provided f
Page 203 and 204:
Terrestrial Process Studies 209
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from theses. The principal processe
Page 207 and 208:
Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
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at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
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Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214:
Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216:
Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
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Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
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Page 221 and 222:
Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
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which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226:
The first three terms of equation 1
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P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
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Page 231 and 232:
This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234:
The important interaction between l
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
(3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
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0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242:
Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
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4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
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1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
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may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250:
7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252:
Acknowledgments The work reported i
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extracted was determined by the wei
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
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Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
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studies in conifers-a review . In J
Page 263 and 264:
permeable to both CO 2 and water va
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insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
Page 267 and 268:
Aquatic Process Studies 279
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stream environments (Krygier and Ha
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S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
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ingestion variation between individ
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
contribute to detrital compartment
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volume measurement, realizing that
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fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
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18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
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a function of time and space, (b) c
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
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Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
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during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
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greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
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2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
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detectable increase in concentratio
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in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
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Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
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targets are insonified several time
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This program will automatically cal
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The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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