PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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1969. Assimilation nette d'un e culture couvrante_ II. La reponse de l'unite de surface de feuille . Ann. Physiol. Veg. 11 : 221-263 . 1970. A model of CO 2 assimilation in the leaf . In Prediction and measurement of photosynthetic productivity, 63 2 p . Wageningen, The Netherlands : Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation . Cleary, B . D. 1970. The effect of plant moisture stress on physiology and establishment of planted Douglas-fir ponderosa pin e seedlings. 85 p. Ph .D. thesis on file, Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis . Daniels, F ., and R . A. Alberty . 1967 . Physical chemistry . Ed . 3, 767 p. New York : Wiley . Gaastra, P. 1959. Photosynthesis of cro p plants as influenced by light, C0 2 , temperature, and stomatal diffusion resistance . Med. Landb . Hogesch . Wageningen, Th e Netherlands 59 : 1-68 . Gates, D. M . 1965. Energy, plants, an d ecology . Ecology 46 : 1-13 . Idso, S . B ., and D. G. Baker . 1967. Metho d for calculating the photosynthetic respons e of a crop to light intensity and lea f temperature by an energy flow analysis o f the meteorological parameters . Agron. J . 59 : 13-21 . and D . G . Baker. 1968. The naturally varying energy environment and its effects on photosynthesis . Ecology 49 : 311-316 . Klir, G. J. 1969. An approach to general systems theory . 323 p . New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold Co . Krueger, K. W., and W . K . Ferrell. 1965 . Comparative photosynthetic and respiratory responses to temperature and light by Pseudotsuga menziesii var . menziesii and var . glauca seedlings . Ecology 46 : 794-801 . Lommen, P. W ., C. R . Schwintzer, C. S . Yocum, and D . M. Gates . 1971 . A model describing photosynthesis in terms of gas diffusion and enzyme kinetics. Planta 98 : 195-220 . Pisek, A., and E . Winkler . 1958 . Assimilationsvermogen and Respiration der Ficht e (Picea excelsa Link) in verschiedene r Hohenlage and der Zirbe (Pinus cembra L .) and der alpinen Waltlgranze. Planta 51 : 518-543 . von Bertalanffy, L . 1969 . General syste m theory . 289 p. New York: Geo. Braziller . Webb, W. L. 1972. A model of light and temperature controlled net photosyntheti c rates for terrestrial plants . In Jerry F . Franklin, L. J. Dempster, and Richard H. Waring (eds.), Proceedings-research o n coniferous forest ecosystems-a symposium, p. 237-242, illus. Pac. Northwest Forest & Range Exp . Stn ., Portland, Oreg. 236
Proceedings-Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems-A symposium . Bellingham, WashingtonMarch 23-24, 197 2 A model of light and temperature controlled net photosynthetic rates for terrestrial plants Warren L . Web b Forest Research Laboratory School of Forestr y Oregon State University Corvallis, Orego n Abstract Steady-state relative net CO2 exchange was modeled in terms of a temperature-dependent respiration function and light- and temperature-dependent photosynthesis function. The parameters of the model were evaluated using the laboratory CO 2 exchange data of a group of 40 red alder seedlings (Alnus rubra Bong.). Th e model is continuous and well-behaved in the temperature region of 0-50°C for light energy between 0 .0 and 1 . 0 ly/min total short-wave radiation. Introduction Consumer populations depend upon the chemical energy that is converted from sola r energy by plants in the ecosystem . The rate of conversion, or net photosynthesis, is in tur n dependent upon the genetic information avail - able to each plant and its immediate environment. Many factors influence net photosynthesis but, as Schulze (1970) found from hi s work in a beech stand, when water stress is not appreciable, the radiation and temperature regimes of the plant largely regulate net photosynthesis . This paper presents an empirical model of steady-state net CO 2 exchange i n terms of a light (L) and temperature (T) con - trolled gross photosynthesis function (Ps) an d a temperature-controlled dark respiration (Rs ) function . Net CO 2 flux entering the leaf, or ne t photosynthesis (Psn), is conceptualized as th e difference between carbon fixed in the photo - synthetic process and that lost during respiration, Psn = Ps - Rs (Larcher 1969) . The two terms, net photosynthesis and net CO2 exchange, are used synonymously in this paper . Although the former is less general in that it usually applies only to CO 2 exchanges occurring in the light, it is more mechanically viable . Fluxes of CO 2 are easily measured and many investigators have reported on the ne t photosynthetic response of plants to temperature and light (Heath 1969, Rabinowitc h 1969, Milner and Hiesey 1969) . Figure 1 illustrates the net photosynthetic response of small plants or individual leaves to increasin g temperature or light . The linear portion of the light curve represents the rate of the photo - chemical reaction at the chloroplast and is largely invariant among species (Rabinowitc h 1969) . This linear slope can be extrapolated through zero CO2 flux, called the light compensation point, and the negative absciss a intercept interpreted as dark respiration (Chartier 1969) . At high light levels, photo - synthesis becomes saturated and its rate i s dependent upon factors such as temperatur e 237
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
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subsystems as objects . In addition
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several models together to form the
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The study areas are located at seve
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K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
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An alternative way of considering i
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Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
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d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
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Calibration of Parameter s In gener
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model being developed under the Con
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Usually, we are interested in the o
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LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
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considered as part of another food
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PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
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Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
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ful in regions with relatively unif
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epresents the basic linkages betwee
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Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
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vation that species such as Brewer
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Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
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Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
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Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
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Here v is the volume of water cross
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2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
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.0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
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ment of the flux of ions through th
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Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
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Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
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Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
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Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
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2. How effectively are these chemic
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Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
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Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
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0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
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_3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
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0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
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8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
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water is dominant because flowing w
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Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
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Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
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of the nitrogen was not determined.
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Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
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through litterfall . More amounts o
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Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
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1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
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Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
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in our example) and the running tot
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Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
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Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
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this case the slopes of activity-ti
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solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
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ing methods . Every point in the sa
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Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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where C is the percentage cover by
Page 177 and 178: Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
Page 179 and 180: NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
Page 181 and 182: Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
Page 183 and 184: watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
Page 185 and 186: Table 1 .-Some population character
Page 187 and 188: Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
Page 189 and 190: Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
Page 191 and 192: Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
Page 193 and 194: Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
Page 195 and 196: condition differ) ; the turnover ra
Page 197 and 198: proportionally about the same for e
Page 199 and 200: Bird Studies The forest birds were
Page 201 and 202: Further Studies The data provided f
Page 203 and 204: Terrestrial Process Studies 209
Page 205 and 206: from theses. The principal processe
Page 207 and 208: Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
Page 209 and 210: at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
Page 211 and 212: Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214: Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216: Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
Page 217 and 218: Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
Page 219 and 220: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 221 and 222: Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
Page 223 and 224: which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226: The first three terms of equation 1
Page 227: P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
Page 231 and 232: This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234: The important interaction between l
Page 237 and 238: (3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
Page 239 and 240: 0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242: Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
Page 243 and 244: 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
Page 245 and 246: 1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
Page 247 and 248: may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250: 7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252: Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 253 and 254: extracted was determined by the wei
Page 257 and 258: I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
Page 259 and 260: Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
Page 261 and 262: studies in conifers-a review . In J
Page 263 and 264: permeable to both CO 2 and water va
Page 265 and 266: insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
Page 267 and 268: Aquatic Process Studies 279
Page 269 and 270: stream environments (Krygier and Ha
Page 271 and 272: S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
Page 273 and 274: ingestion variation between individ
Page 277 and 278: contribute to detrital compartment
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volume measurement, realizing that
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fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
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18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
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a function of time and space, (b) c
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Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
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Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
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during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
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greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
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2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
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detectable increase in concentratio
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in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
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Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
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targets are insonified several time
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This program will automatically cal
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The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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