PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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18L LAKE WATE R PRESERVE WIT H FORMALI N SPARGE WITH N 2 10 MINUTES DRY ALIQUOT, AD D COCKTAIL AND COUN T D .O .C . NUMERICAL (AND OR SEPARATE SPECIES ) AND RADIOACTIVE COUNT S ZOOPLANKTO N Figure 5 . Flow diagram of methods to be used to determine carbon flux from DOC to bacteria to zooplankton . 298
a function of time and space, (b) carbo n balances within the web and between the tw o test depths station, (c) carbon transfer efficiencies between compartments, (d) synthesis of our data together with other biome measurements that have small time and space resolutions, and (e) carbon flow and pool size input to mathematical models in preparation . Acknowledgments The authors want to thank Professor Freid a B. Taub for her active encouragement of this study, and Dr. G. W. Saunders, Jr., whos e work generated this scheme of methods out - lined in this paper . The work reported in this paper was sup - ported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No . GB-20963 to the Coniferous Forest Biome, U .S. Analysis of Ecosystems , International Biological Program . This is Contribution No . 46 to the Coniferous Forest Biome and Contribution No . 16, Institute for Freshwater Studies, Western Washington State College . Literature Cited American Public Health Association. 1971 . Standard methods for the examination o f water and waste waters . 874 p . Washington , D .C . Atkins, G . L . 1969. Multicompartmen t models for biological sciences . 153 p . London: Methulen and Co . Ltd . Baylor, E . R., and W . H. Sutcliff, Jr . 1963 . Dissolved organic matter in seawater as a source of particulate food . Limnol . Oceanogr. 8(4) : 869-871 . Bell, R. K., and F . J. Ward, 1970 . Incorporation and organic carbon by Daphnia pulex . Limnol. Oceanogr. 15(3) : 713-726 . Brock, R. D. 1966. Principles of microbia l ecology. 306 p. Englewood Cliffs, N .J . : Prentice-Hall . Corner, E. D. S., and C . B. Coney . 1968 . Biochemical studies on the production of marine zooplankton . Biol. Rev. 4(3) : 393-426 . Duursma, E . D. 1965. The dissolved organic constituents of sea water . In J. P. Rile y (ed.), Chemical oceanography, 433 p . Ne w York: Academic Press . Edmondson, W . T., and G . G . Winberg (eds .) . 1971 . A manual of methods for the assessment of secondary productivity in fres h waters. IBP Handb . No . 17, 386 p . Philadelphia : F. A. Davis Company . Fogg, G. E. 1963 . The role of algae in organic production in aquatic environments. Brit . Phycol . Bull. 2(4) : 195-204 . 1965. Algal cultures and phytoplankton ecology . 126 p. Madison : Univ . Wis . Press . Goldman, C. R. 1963. Measurement of primary productivity and limiting factors i n freshwater with carbon-14 . In M. S. Doty (ed .), Proc . Conf. on primary productivit y measurement, marine and freshwater . AE C Inf. T .I .O . F633, p . 103-113 . Hobbie, J . E., and R. T . Wright . 1965 . Bio - assay with bacterial uptake kinetic : glucose in freshwater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10(3) : 471-474 . Hood, D . W. 1970. Symposium on organi c matter in natural waters . Inst. Mar. Sci . , Univ . Alaska Occas . Publ . 1, 625 p . Hutchinson, G . E . 1957 . A treatise o n limnology . Vol. I, 1015 p. New York : Joh n Wiley & Sons, Inc . Johannes, R . E., and M. Satomi. 1967. Measuring organic matter retained by aquatic invertebrates. J. Fish. Res. Board Can . 21(11) : 2467-2471 . Lighthart, B . 1969. Planktonic and benthic bacteriovorous protozoa at 11 stations i n Puget Sound and adjacent Pacific Ocean . J . Fish. Res . Board Can . 26 : 299-304 . Lindeman, R . L. 1942. The trophic-dynami c aspect of ecology . Ecology 23 : 399-418 . Lund, J. W. G. 1965. The ecology of th e freshwater phytoplankton. Biol. Rev . 40 : 231-293 . Menzel, D. W., and R. F. Vaccaro. 1964. The measurement of dissolved organic and particulate carbon in water . Limnol . Oceanogr . 9(9): 138-142 . Parsons, T . R. 1963. Suspended organic mat - ter in seawater . In M. Seres (ed .), Progres s 299
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
Page 49 and 50:
subsystems as objects . In addition
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several models together to form the
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Page 55 and 56:
The study areas are located at seve
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K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
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An alternative way of considering i
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Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
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d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
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Calibration of Parameter s In gener
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model being developed under the Con
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Usually, we are interested in the o
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LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
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considered as part of another food
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PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
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Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
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ful in regions with relatively unif
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epresents the basic linkages betwee
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Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
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vation that species such as Brewer
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Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
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Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
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Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
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Here v is the volume of water cross
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2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
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.0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
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ment of the flux of ions through th
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Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
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Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
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Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
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Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
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2. How effectively are these chemic
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Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
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Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
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0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
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_3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
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0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
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8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
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water is dominant because flowing w
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Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
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Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
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of the nitrogen was not determined.
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Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
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through litterfall . More amounts o
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Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
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1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
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Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
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in our example) and the running tot
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Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
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Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
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this case the slopes of activity-ti
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solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
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ing methods . Every point in the sa
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Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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where C is the percentage cover by
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Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
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NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
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Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
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Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
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Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
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Bird Studies The forest birds were
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Further Studies The data provided f
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Terrestrial Process Studies 209
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from theses. The principal processe
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Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
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at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
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Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
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Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216:
Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
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Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
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Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
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which may be of importance in model
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The first three terms of equation 1
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P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
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This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234: The important interaction between l
Page 235 and 236: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 237 and 238: (3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
Page 239 and 240: 0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242: Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
Page 243 and 244: 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
Page 245 and 246: 1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
Page 247 and 248: may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250: 7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252: Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 253 and 254: extracted was determined by the wei
Page 257 and 258: I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
Page 259 and 260: Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
Page 261 and 262: studies in conifers-a review . In J
Page 263 and 264: permeable to both CO 2 and water va
Page 265 and 266: insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
Page 267 and 268: Aquatic Process Studies 279
Page 269 and 270: stream environments (Krygier and Ha
Page 271 and 272: S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
Page 273 and 274: ingestion variation between individ
Page 277 and 278: contribute to detrital compartment
Page 279 and 280: volume measurement, realizing that
Page 281 and 282: fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
Page 283: 18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
Page 289 and 290: Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
Page 291 and 292: Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
Page 293 and 294: during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
Page 295 and 296: greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
Page 297 and 298: 2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
Page 299 and 300: detectable increase in concentratio
Page 301 and 302: in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
Page 303 and 304: Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
Page 305 and 306: targets are insonified several time
Page 307 and 308: This program will automatically cal
Page 309: The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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