PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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Experimental System Summer field trials for the cuvette wer e conducted at the Allen Thompson Researc h Center during 1971 . The open system (fig . 2) utilized included an air intake approximately 25 m above the ground on a tower located 3 m from that used as an access to study trees. Air was drawn to the ground, through a 20-liter "mixing reservoir," to assure uniformity and prevent "noisy" carbon dioxid e analyzer output, and then passed through a manifold for distribution to two Model 506 R Reciprotor (Copenhagen) pumps . One of these pumped a comparison airstream to th e URAS II (Hartmann and Braun, Frankfurt ) infrared gas analyzer housed 46 m away in th e permanent site building and the other move d air to the cuvette located at 17 .2 m, back to the ground, through a flow meter, and then t o the differential analyzer. The attenuating reservoir, manifold, pumps, and flow mete r were located in a shelter at the tower base a s was the power supply-temperature controllerfan controller. A Honeywell recorder and the URAS II, however, were located in the site building. Two 0 .004-inch copper-constanta n thermocouples were used for temperature sensing inside the cuvette and one 22-gage thermocouple was positioned in a shaded location outside . In addition to cuvette data, meteorologica l data were provided by instruments located o n the adjacent meteorological tower . Scholander bomb and pressure infiltrometer (Fry and Walker 1967) samples were routinel y taken to provide estimates of water potentia l and stomatal aperture. These data were correlated with cuvette and meteorological dat a collected during each trial . Sampling wa s carried out at cuvette level and illustrativ e values reported here represent averages-tw o to three twigs for Scholander pressures (Ps ) and five to seven needles for stomatal infiltration pressure (Pstom) . During preliminary trials, the cuvette temperature was maintained within at least ± 1 .5° C of ambient under conditions of high AI R INTAKE CUVETTE -1 PUMPS MIXING --Lf RESERVOIR -r l~I _ 1 FLO W METE R J 1 1 URASII FLO W METER MANIFOL D Figure 2 . Experimental system used during 1971 field trials . 275
insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and generally control was within ± 1° C . With the recent installation of aluminum heat sinks on th e cuvette floor, incorporation of "sensistor " (Texas Instruments) temperature sensors, an d additional electronic balancing of the system , improvement of this performance is anticipated . Representative Experimental Results Summer data obtained with the prototyp e system agree with those of other investigators in suggesting a close relationship betwee n assimilation, stress, and stomatal behavior. To illustrate this, results of a single day's run have been included (fig. 3) . On August 3 and other clear days sampled , light did not appear to limit photosynthesis ; maximum assimilation rates occurred between 1030 and 1130 hours (PST) ; CO 2 uptake 3 2 EXPT 7I-CR 2 RUN 5 (BRANCH 2 ) 8/3/7 37 1 DF decreased between 1130 and 1230 but wa s accompanied by continued stress increase an d only small changes in stomatal aperture ; varying degrees of afternoon stomatal closure followed and coincided with further depression of assimilation and relief of stress . Acknowledgments The work reported in this paper was supported in part by National Science Foundatio n Grant No . GB-20963 to the Coniferous Forest Biome, U .S. Analysis of Ecosystems, International Biological Program . This is Contribution No . 44 to the Coniferous Forest Biome . Literature Cited Bosian, G . 1933 . Transpirations-und Assimilationsbestimmungen an Pflanzen des Zentralkaiserstuhls . Z. Bot . 26 : 209-294 . ° ° CQ2 ASSIMILATION (mg CQ2 dry g' hr -' ) ° 1 5 10 5 Pstom `~_~ Ps erg'°~ [atmospheres) 1 .5 -°~-~ - 1.0 0. 5 0.5 0.0 3 0 \ Re °2 (cal cm miri 1 ) 10 _ °-0-0--0-0~ CUVETTE TEMPERATURE ('C ) 1 , 1 1 1 06 08 10 12 14 1 6 TIME OF DAY Figure 3 . Representative data obtained during cuvette field trials . 276
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
Page 25 and 26:
Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
Page 49 and 50:
subsystems as objects . In addition
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several models together to form the
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Page 55 and 56:
The study areas are located at seve
Page 57 and 58:
K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
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An alternative way of considering i
Page 61 and 62:
Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
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d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
Page 65 and 66:
Calibration of Parameter s In gener
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model being developed under the Con
Page 69 and 70:
Usually, we are interested in the o
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LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
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Page 77 and 78:
considered as part of another food
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PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
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Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
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ful in regions with relatively unif
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epresents the basic linkages betwee
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Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
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vation that species such as Brewer
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Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
Page 93 and 94:
Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
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Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
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Here v is the volume of water cross
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2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
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.0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
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ment of the flux of ions through th
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Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
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Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
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Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
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Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
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2. How effectively are these chemic
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Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
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Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
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0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
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_3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
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0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
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8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
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water is dominant because flowing w
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Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
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Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
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of the nitrogen was not determined.
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Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
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through litterfall . More amounts o
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Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
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1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
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Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
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in our example) and the running tot
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Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
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Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
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this case the slopes of activity-ti
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solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
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ing methods . Every point in the sa
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Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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where C is the percentage cover by
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Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
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NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
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Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
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Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
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Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
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Bird Studies The forest birds were
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Further Studies The data provided f
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Terrestrial Process Studies 209
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from theses. The principal processe
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Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
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at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
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Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214: Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216: Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
Page 217 and 218: Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
Page 219 and 220: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 221 and 222: Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
Page 223 and 224: which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226: The first three terms of equation 1
Page 227 and 228: P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
Page 231 and 232: This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234: The important interaction between l
Page 237 and 238: (3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
Page 239 and 240: 0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242: Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
Page 243 and 244: 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
Page 245 and 246: 1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
Page 247 and 248: may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250: 7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252: Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 253 and 254: extracted was determined by the wei
Page 257 and 258: I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
Page 259 and 260: Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
Page 261 and 262: studies in conifers-a review . In J
Page 263: permeable to both CO 2 and water va
Page 267 and 268: Aquatic Process Studies 279
Page 269 and 270: stream environments (Krygier and Ha
Page 271 and 272: S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
Page 273 and 274: ingestion variation between individ
Page 277 and 278: contribute to detrital compartment
Page 279 and 280: volume measurement, realizing that
Page 281 and 282: fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
Page 283 and 284: 18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
Page 285 and 286: a function of time and space, (b) c
Page 289 and 290: Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
Page 291 and 292: Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
Page 293 and 294: during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
Page 295 and 296: greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
Page 297 and 298: 2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
Page 299 and 300: detectable increase in concentratio
Page 301 and 302: in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
Page 303 and 304: Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
Page 305 and 306: targets are insonified several time
Page 307 and 308: This program will automatically cal
Page 309: The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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