PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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1970. Erosion and sedimentation following road construction and timber harvest on unstable soils in three small western Oregon watersheds. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. PNW-104, 15 p . , illus. Pac. Northwest Forest & Range Exp . Stn., Portland, Oreg. 1971 . Comparative water quality-natural and disturbed streams followin g logging and slash burning . In Forest lan d uses and stream environment, p . 125-137 . Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis . Likens, G . E., F . H. Bormann, N . M. Johnson , and others . 1970. Effects of forest cuttin g and herbicide treatment on nutrien t budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershedecosystem . Ecol. Monogr . 40: 23-47 . McColl, J. G., and D . W . Cole. 1968 . A mechanism of cation transport in a forest soil . Northwest Sci . 42 : 134-140 . Moodie, C . D. 1964 . Nutrient inputs in rain - fall at nine selected sites in Washington . Wash . Agric. Exp. Stn., Wash. State Univ. Paeth, D. C. 1970. Genetic and stability relationships of four western Cascade soils . 12 6 p. Ph .D . thesis, on file at Oreg . State Univ. , Corvallis. Remezov, N. P., L. N. Bykova, and K. M. Smirnova. 1955. Nitrogen and mineral cycles in forests . Akidemiya Nank SSSR. Trudy Instituta Lesa ., p. 167-194 . Tarrant, R . F ., K. C. Lu, C . S. Chen, and W. B. Bollen. 1968. Nitrogen content of precipitation in a coastal Oregon forest opening. Tellus XX : 554-556 . Wilson, A . T. 1959. Organic nitrogen in New Zealand snows . Nature 183 : 318-319 . Zavitkovski, J ., and M . Newton . 1968. Ecological importance of snowbrush , Ceanothus velutinus, in the Oregon Cascades . Ecology 49 : 1134-1145 . 131
Proceedings-Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems-A symposium . Bellingham, Washington-March 23-24, 197 2 Nutrient cycling in throughf all and litterfall in 450-year-old Douglasfir stands Albert Abee an d Denis Lavender School of Forestry Oregon State University Corvallis, Orego n Abstract Comparisons of nutrient concentrations (N, P, K+, Ca ++ , Mg++) found in canopy throughfall and litterfall were made on the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Six old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ) stands were studied which represented six forest communities common to the western Cascades ofOregon. These community types span a large portion of the temperature and moisture gradients present in the area. The preliminary data indicate that nutrient concentration in throughfall was highest during the summer and fall, and lowest during the winter. Nutrient input through throughfall generally followed the same trends . Nutrient return through litterfall was greatest in the needles. More amounts of N, P, and Ca++ were transferred to the soil through litterfall than through throughfall, while more K + and Mg++ were added to the soil through throughfall. Litterfall was maximum during the winter. Future studies will correlate the results from the nutrient analysis to the moisture and temperature gradients . Introduction The worldwide interest of scientists in litterfall production during the past century, has been shown by Bray and Gorham (1964) i n their review of litter production in the forest s of the world. Methodology reports ranged from utilization of randomly located collection devices of varied design, separation, oven - drying, and chemical analysis of several litter components, to merely raking up and air drying the litter on a unit area basis. In spite of the large number of papers cited in the abov e review, data of litter production from natural , old-growth ecosystems are meager. Even less is known about litterfall in old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest types. The examination of seasonal fluctuations, nutrient concentration changes associated with defoliation, and nutrient composition of various litterfall categories are scarce (Kira and Shidei 1967) . The first published report of an investigation of litterfall in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest is that of Tarrant, Isaac , and Chandler (1951). These workers collected the litter of several species for 1 year and estimated nutrient movement by multiplyin g litter weight by the percent elemental conten t of foliage collected from trees, an inexact procedure . More detailed measurements of th e nutrient cycle in Douglas-fir forests have bee n published for stands in New Zealand (Wil l 1959) and the United States (Dimock 1958) . In addition, workers at both the University o f Washington (Rahman 1964) and Oregon Stat e University 1 have collected substantial dat a describing litterfall in both managed an d natural Douglas-fir stands . Riekerk and Gessel (1965) and Cole and Gessel (1968) summariz e 1 D . P . Lavender, unpublished data . 133
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
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subsystems as objects . In addition
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several models together to form the
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The study areas are located at seve
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K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
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An alternative way of considering i
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Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
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d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
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Calibration of Parameter s In gener
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model being developed under the Con
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Usually, we are interested in the o
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LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
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considered as part of another food
Page 79 and 80: PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
Page 81 and 82: Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
Page 83 and 84: ful in regions with relatively unif
Page 85 and 86: epresents the basic linkages betwee
Page 87 and 88: Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
Page 89 and 90: vation that species such as Brewer
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
Page 93 and 94: Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
Page 95 and 96: Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
Page 97 and 98: Here v is the volume of water cross
Page 99 and 100: 2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
Page 101 and 102: .0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
Page 103 and 104: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 105 and 106: ment of the flux of ions through th
Page 107 and 108: Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
Page 109 and 110: Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
Page 111 and 112: Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
Page 113 and 114: Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
Page 115 and 116: 2. How effectively are these chemic
Page 117 and 118: Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
Page 119 and 120: Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
Page 121 and 122: 0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
Page 123 and 124: _3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
Page 125 and 126: 0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
Page 127 and 128: 8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
Page 129: water is dominant because flowing w
Page 133 and 134: Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
Page 135 and 136: Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
Page 137 and 138: of the nitrogen was not determined.
Page 139 and 140: Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
Page 141 and 142: through litterfall . More amounts o
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
Page 147 and 148: 1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
Page 149 and 150: Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
Page 151 and 152: in our example) and the running tot
Page 153 and 154: Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
Page 157 and 158: Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
Page 159 and 160: this case the slopes of activity-ti
Page 161 and 162: solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
Page 165 and 166: ing methods . Every point in the sa
Page 167 and 168: Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
Page 169 and 170: trees indicates that the coordinate
Page 171 and 172: data; there is no obvious explanati
Page 175 and 176: where C is the percentage cover by
Page 177 and 178: Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
Page 179 and 180: NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
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Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
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Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
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Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
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Bird Studies The forest birds were
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Further Studies The data provided f
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Terrestrial Process Studies 209
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from theses. The principal processe
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Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
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at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
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Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
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Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
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Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
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Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
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Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
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which may be of importance in model
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The first three terms of equation 1
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P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
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This function is asymptotic to zero
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The important interaction between l
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(3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
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0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
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Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
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4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
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1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
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may bias the results . Meteorologic
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7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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extracted was determined by the wei
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I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
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Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
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studies in conifers-a review . In J
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permeable to both CO 2 and water va
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insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
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Aquatic Process Studies 279
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stream environments (Krygier and Ha
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S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
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ingestion variation between individ
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contribute to detrital compartment
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volume measurement, realizing that
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fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
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18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
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a function of time and space, (b) c
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Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
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Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
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during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
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greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
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2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
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detectable increase in concentratio
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in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
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Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
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targets are insonified several time
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This program will automatically cal
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The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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