PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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anch system . Total epiphyte weight for a branch system is the sum of the weights o n axes and on branchlets . Nitrogen Analyse s Samples analyzed for nitrogen conten t were collected in watershed 10 in August an d October 1971 . Samples were air dried, an d nitrogen analyses were performed by Denni s Lavender of the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Oregon State University, using th e Kjeldahl method . Air drying samples analyze d for nitrogen content avoids losses of nitroge n that may occur with ovendrying . In order to enable expression of the nitrogen contents o n an ovendry-weight basis, air dried samples of epiphytes were ovendried at 100 0 C to determine weight loss on drying . Results The results presented here are preliminary results from the first tree sampled in water - shed 10 of the H . J. Andrews Experimenta l Forest . The estimates are crude . They are presented to give an idea of how the methodology is being applied and the order of magnitude of results that are being obtained . Thes e preliminary results are being used in improving and refining the sampling strategy . Biomass of Epiphytes on the Trun k Total epiphyte biomass on the trunks of tree 1 is estimated to be 4.5 kg (table 1) . Nearly 90 percent of this is bryophytes, an d nearly 50 percent is found within 8 m of th e ground. Lichens contribute the bulk of th e epiphyte biomass on the trunk from about 5 0 to 60 m from the ground . Epiphyte biomas s per unit area for the trunk as a whole i s 0.31 g/dm 2 , and is much higher than thi s figure only within 8 m of the ground and a t the top of the second trunk, where large patches of Lobaria oregana (Tuck.) Mull. Arg. were encountered . Biomass of Epiphytes on the Branch System s The frequency distribution of branch sys - tems by EIV is presented in figure 1 . Epiphyte biomass on axes of the five branch systems sampled in detail ranged fro m 0 to 198 g (table 2) ; that on the branchlets ranged from 1 to 48 g (table 3) . The five branch systems show a relationship betwee n EIV and epiphyte biomass (fig . 2) . Values from the least-squares regression line wer e used to convert the number of branch system s in an EIV class to an estimate of the tota l epiphyte biomass represented by that clas s (fig. 3) . The low importance value classes (EIV < 10 ), although representing man y branch systems, make only a small contribution to the epiphyte totals for the tree . Abou t one-half of the epiphyte biomass is contributed by branch systems with EIV abov e 35 . In this connection, the preliminary nature of these results must again be emphasized a s no branch system with an EIV higher than 3 2 was selected for detailed sampling . Epiphyte Biomass for the Whole Tre e Total epiphyte biomass for the tre e sampled is estimated to be 18 .3 kg ; 13 .8 kg , or about 75 percent of the total, is on the branch systems (table 4) . Assuming that the distribution of epiphyte biomass by specie s on the five branch systems studied is the sam e as the distribution overall, 50 percent of the total epiphyte biomass for the tree is bryophytes (table 4) . However, there is a decrease in the proportion of total epiphyte weight represented by bryophytes from larger diameter to smaller diameter stem sections . Bryophytes make up 86 percent of th e epiphyte biomass on the trunk, 47 percent of that on the axes of the branch systems (>4 cm diameter), and only 3 percent of that on the branchlets (
Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the trunk of tree 1 in watershed 10 ' Species y Heigh t (m) Trunk surface area L tl " o rz es CI .o0 o tl tl tlb0 o ~l o All species din ' g g g/dm z TRUNK 1 : 0-4 1,500 300 470 340 + 1,120 0 .75 4-8 1,240 80 210 740 - 1,040 .83 8-12 1,130 20 200 90 30 340 .30 12-16 1,110 50 150 40 20 + 270 .24 16-20 1,060 140 140 70 20 360 .34 20-24 1,010 20 110 10 - 10 - - 150 .1 5 24-28 960 + + 10 -- 10 .0 1 28-32 900 20 60 20 90 .1 0 32-36 860 + 10 10 + + 20 .0 2 36-40 820 200 30 50 + + 290 .3 6 40-44 750 + + + + 10 .0 1 44-48 670 10 110 10 130 .1 9 48-52 580 + 30 + + + 40 .0 7 52-56 490 + + + 10 50 - 70 .1 3 56-60 402 - 50 10 -- + 60 .1 4 60-63 250 70 10 10 + 10 - 100 .3 9 TRUNK 2 : 41-4 5 440 10 + 10 - + - + - 10 .0 3 45-49 310 60 + 20 - - 10 - 90 .28 49-51 120 - + + - - 10 + 10 310 330 2 .84 Total 14,610 850 1,570 1,480 120 20 10 110 20 10 10 320 4,530 ' Weights for each species of epiphyte are to the closest 10 g ; + indicates the presence of less than 5 g . Entries have been rounded and will not necessarily add to the total . 18 1
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
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subsystems as objects . In addition
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several models together to form the
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Page 55 and 56:
The study areas are located at seve
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K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
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An alternative way of considering i
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Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
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d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
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Calibration of Parameter s In gener
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model being developed under the Con
Page 69 and 70:
Usually, we are interested in the o
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LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
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considered as part of another food
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PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
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Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
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ful in regions with relatively unif
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epresents the basic linkages betwee
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Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
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vation that species such as Brewer
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Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
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Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
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Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
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Here v is the volume of water cross
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2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
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.0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
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ment of the flux of ions through th
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Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
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Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
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Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
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Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
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2. How effectively are these chemic
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Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
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Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
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0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
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_3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
Page 125 and 126: 0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
Page 127 and 128: 8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
Page 129 and 130: water is dominant because flowing w
Page 131 and 132: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 133 and 134: Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
Page 135 and 136: Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
Page 137 and 138: of the nitrogen was not determined.
Page 139 and 140: Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
Page 141 and 142: through litterfall . More amounts o
Page 145 and 146: Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
Page 147 and 148: 1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
Page 149 and 150: Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
Page 151 and 152: in our example) and the running tot
Page 153 and 154: Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
Page 157 and 158: Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
Page 159 and 160: this case the slopes of activity-ti
Page 161 and 162: solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
Page 165 and 166: ing methods . Every point in the sa
Page 167 and 168: Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
Page 169 and 170: trees indicates that the coordinate
Page 171 and 172: data; there is no obvious explanati
Page 175: where C is the percentage cover by
Page 179 and 180: NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
Page 181 and 182: Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
Page 183 and 184: watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
Page 185 and 186: Table 1 .-Some population character
Page 187 and 188: Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
Page 189 and 190: Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
Page 191 and 192: Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
Page 193 and 194: Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
Page 195 and 196: condition differ) ; the turnover ra
Page 197 and 198: proportionally about the same for e
Page 199 and 200: Bird Studies The forest birds were
Page 201 and 202: Further Studies The data provided f
Page 203 and 204: Terrestrial Process Studies 209
Page 205 and 206: from theses. The principal processe
Page 207 and 208: Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
Page 209 and 210: at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
Page 211 and 212: Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214: Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216: Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
Page 217 and 218: Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
Page 221 and 222: Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
Page 223 and 224: which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226: The first three terms of equation 1
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P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
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This function is asymptotic to zero
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The important interaction between l
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(3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
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0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
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Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
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4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
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1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
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may bias the results . Meteorologic
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7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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extracted was determined by the wei
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I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
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Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
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studies in conifers-a review . In J
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permeable to both CO 2 and water va
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insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
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Aquatic Process Studies 279
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stream environments (Krygier and Ha
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S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
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ingestion variation between individ
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contribute to detrital compartment
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volume measurement, realizing that
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fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
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18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
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a function of time and space, (b) c
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Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
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Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
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during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
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greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
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2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
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detectable increase in concentratio
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in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
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Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
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targets are insonified several time
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This program will automatically cal
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The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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