PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARCH ON - HJ Andrews Experimental Forest

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These preliminary results suggest the following hypothesis . Initially the primary processes of decomposition occur on the surface of the needle with the decomposition o f waxes, and as the waxes are depleted, the cell - ular constituents are acted upon . Acknowledgments The work reported in this paper was sup - ported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No . GB-20963 to the Coniferou s Forest Biome, U .S. Analysis of Ecosystems , International Biological Program . This is Contribution No . 42 from the Coniferous Fores t Biome . Literature Cited Campbell, W. G. 1952 . Wood chemistry . L. E . Wise and E . C . Jahn (eds), 2 : 1343 p . Ne w York: Reinhold Publ. Corp . Cowling, E . B. 1961 . Comparative biochemistry of the decay of sweetgum sap - wood by white rot and brown rot fungi . U .S. Dep. Agric . Tech . Bull. 1258 : 2 . Dice, Steven F . 1970. The biomass and nutrient flux in a second growth Douglas-fir ecosystem. 165 p ., illus. Ph .D . thesis, on file at Univ . Wash ., Seattle . Macauley, B . J., and L. B. Thrower . 1966 . Succession of fungi in leaf litter o f Eucalyptus regans . Brit. Mycol . Soc. Trans . 49 : 509-520 . Martin, J. T., and B . E . Juniper. 1970. Th e cuticles of plants . 347 p ., illus. New York : St. Martin's Press Inc . 263
Proceedings-Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems-A symposium . Bellingham, Washington-March 23-24, 197 2 Seasonal and diurnal patterns of water status in Acer circinatum James P. Lassoie Research Assistant and David R . M. Scott Professor of Forestry College of Forest Resources University of Washingto n Seattle, Washingto n Abstract Diurnal patterns of water status were monitored in Acer circinatum on clear days during the summer of 1971 . Sap velocity, branch water potential, and relative leaf resistance to water vapor diffusion were used t o characterize the water status of a typical tree clump . Within the clump studied, air temperature and relative humidity were measured and used to calculate atmospheric vapor pressure deficits . Daily potential evaporation and soil moisture were calculated from U.S. Weather Bureau precipitation and air temperature data using th e Thornthwaite method. Results suggest that the seasonal course of plant water status is dependent upon changes in soil moisture levels, possible changes in leaf morphology, and differences in diurnal patterns of water statu s resulting from differences in atmospheric moisture demand . Introduction Vine maple, Acer circinatum Pursh, is a major subordinate species within the Coniferous Biome ranging from the southern mainland coast of British Columbia to the coasta l section of northern California . It is seldo m found growing with a single stem ; rather, it grows in clumps, forming a bushy mass . It is very shade-tolerant and is usually found unde r a tree canopy (Lyons 1964, Anderson 1968) . Despite the prevalence of vine maple in this area, it seems that little is known of it s physiological processes . Numerous authors have illustrated the con - trolling influence of internal water regimes o n physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, translocation, and growt h of forest trees and herbaceous plants (re - viewed by Crafts 1968, Gates 1968, and Zahner 1968) . Also, transpiration, resulting i n water loss from the soil, influences the total hydrologic cycle and water balance of forest stands (Rutter 1968) . Therefore, understanding the water relations of a major subordinat e species, such as vine maple, may be quit e important to the study of productivity an d water balance of forests within the Coniferou s Biome. This study investigated diurnal pat - terns of internal water status in vine maple during the summer of 1971 . Besides supplying general information on the water relations of vine maple, the study also supplied basic data which will be used in the development of a plant water status submodel for the Coniferous Biome . The data presented are also representative of some of the types of data presently being collected for conifers within the Biome (Walker et al . 1972) . 265
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PE EIE[R-Rg RESEARC H O N CONIFEROU
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Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosy
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Contents SOME BROADER VIEWS OF BIOM
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Page AQUATIC PROCESS STUDIES 279 St
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Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
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directly, to solution of major natu
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4. Nutritional adaptation to enviro
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where validation studies could be c
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have been developed . Prior to thei
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of gross production and respiration
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Figure 1 . Aerial photo of Findley
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Nutrient levels in stream and lake
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Acknowledgments The work reported i
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inputs into the lakes . Recent stud
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was slightly raised in 1902, the la
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climate, surrounding terrestrial en
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more similar than between the diffe
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The net rate of primary production
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community structure and energy flo
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est adapted organism vacillates bet
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U .S . Analysis of Ecosystems, Inte
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successful . Thus we can see modeli
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of the external quantities of S wou
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Figure 2 . The major subsystems of
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subsystems as objects . In addition
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several models together to form the
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The study areas are located at seve
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K m Figure 1 . Watershed 2, H . J.
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An alternative way of considering i
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Snowmelt A flow chart of the snow a
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d Gs Gr = (1 - Ki) d t By integrati
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Calibration of Parameter s In gener
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model being developed under the Con
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Usually, we are interested in the o
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LINEAR Y~(T) 2nd ORDER Y2 (T) 3rd O
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the watershed. The hydrologic model
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considered as part of another food
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PRIMARY PRRODUCTIO N ■ FOLIAGE CO
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Graham, S. A. 1952. Forest entomolo
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ful in regions with relatively unif
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epresents the basic linkages betwee
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Cleary and Waring 1969, Reed 1971,
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vation that species such as Brewer
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Table 3.-Predicted plant response i
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Walker, Reed, Scott, and Webb are c
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Water and Nutrien t Movement Throug
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Here v is the volume of water cross
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2 10 7100 .160 .220 .280 .340 .400
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.0500 .040 0 z .030 0 E L.) 0 .020
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ment of the flux of ions through th
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Table 2 .-Forest floor composition
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Table 5 .-Monthly amounts of litter
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Figure 2 illustrates how CO 2 produ
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Ballard, T. M. 1968 . Carbon dioxid
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2. How effectively are these chemic
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Table 2 .-Nutrient budget for disso
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Figure 1 . Water content of the sur
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0.12_ _30 rn z 0 Q z w 0 z 0 0 z Q
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_3 0 . Outflow Concentration _ __ R
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0.10_ 0.08 _ Pea k 0.04_ Concentrat
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8J Calciu m 0 I I I I 0.25 0.50 0.7
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water is dominant because flowing w
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Table 1.-Characteristics of study p
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Z w 2 w J w 3 0 Table 2. Average to
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of the nitrogen was not determined.
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Table 6. Total kg per hectare per y
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through litterfall . More amounts o
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Figure 3. Two additional carabiners
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1 1 Figure 11 . The climber places
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Figure 16. The spar in use. The sus
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in our example) and the running tot
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Dashed lines are dead branches . Th
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Table 1.-Transpiration rates, mean
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this case the slopes of activity-ti
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solve equation 2 for Tm since the f
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ing methods . Every point in the sa
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Patterns in Point Displacemen t Mea
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trees indicates that the coordinate
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data; there is no obvious explanati
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where C is the percentage cover by
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Table 1.-Epiphyte biomass on the tr
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NZ. 4 50 100 150 EPIPHYTE IMPORTANC
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Table 4.-Biomass estimates (kg) for
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watershed 10 (C . T. Dyrness, perso
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Table 1 .-Some population character
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Table 2 .-Annual litter fall in Col
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Table 4. Biomass and growth increme
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Table 6.-Annual turnover from certa
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Kiil, A. D. 1968. Weight of the fue
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condition differ) ; the turnover ra
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proportionally about the same for e
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Bird Studies The forest birds were
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Further Studies The data provided f
Page 203 and 204: Terrestrial Process Studies 209
Page 205 and 206: from theses. The principal processe
Page 207 and 208: Table 1 .-Saturating light intensit
Page 209 and 210: at least 0 .06 percent CO 2 . Howev
Page 211 and 212: Pharis et al. 1967). Again Helms (1
Page 213 and 214: Effects of Leaf Temperature an d Le
Page 215 and 216: Literature Cited Baule, H., and C.
Page 217 and 218: Lopushinsky, W . 1969. Stomatal clo
Page 219 and 220: Proceedings-Research on Coniferous
Page 221 and 222: Von Bertalanffy (1969) calls nonsum
Page 223 and 224: which may be of importance in model
Page 225 and 226: The first three terms of equation 1
Page 227 and 228: P = F+ R where F = net assimilation
Page 231 and 232: This function is asymptotic to zero
Page 233 and 234: The important interaction between l
Page 237 and 238: (3 = H/AE=yo$/De (3 ) where y is th
Page 239 and 240: 0.4 0.2 v 0 0 w IX -0.2 I- cr -0.4
Page 241 and 242: Table L-Diurnal energy budget compo
Page 243 and 244: 4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 TIME, H
Page 245 and 246: 1970. Evapotranspiration an d meteo
Page 247 and 248: may bias the results . Meteorologic
Page 249 and 250: 7.4 ppm . The lysimeters at Coshoct
Page 251 and 252: Acknowledgments The work reported i
Page 253: extracted was determined by the wei
Page 257 and 258: I - 5 -l o -1 5 HPV 1 10 . 0 I . 6
Page 259 and 260: Table 1 .- Tukey's w Multiple Compa
Page 261 and 262: studies in conifers-a review . In J
Page 263 and 264: permeable to both CO 2 and water va
Page 265 and 266: insolation (1 cal cm 2 min-1 ) and
Page 267 and 268: Aquatic Process Studies 279
Page 269 and 270: stream environments (Krygier and Ha
Page 271 and 272: S, - 4ydrolo9i c S2 = I¢rr¢strIa
Page 273 and 274: ingestion variation between individ
Page 277 and 278: contribute to detrital compartment
Page 279 and 280: volume measurement, realizing that
Page 281 and 282: fer of the indicated carbon-14 trac
Page 283 and 284: 18L LAKE WATER LIGH T 50m1 HOURLY D
Page 285 and 286: a function of time and space, (b) c
Page 289 and 290: Table 1.-Suggested criteria for jud
Page 291 and 292: Table 4.-Average C, N, and P conten
Page 293 and 294: during 1963 to 1967 and from Lake S
Page 295 and 296: greater than 7 .2:1 (16:1 by atoms)
Page 297 and 298: 2 .0 1 .0 0 Si P-N N-Si P-Si P-N-Si
Page 299 and 300: detectable increase in concentratio
Page 301 and 302: in lakes . J. Ecol . 29 : 280-329 .
Page 303 and 304: Woodey 1970 ; Thorne, Reeves, and M
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targets are insonified several time
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This program will automatically cal
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The FOREST SERVICE et ; U :' S D pa
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