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166 Section 7 Case studies Learning Objectives At the end of this unit, students should be able to: • Appreciate the importance and benefits of sustainable building siting, design and construction; • Identify some features of sustainable design; • Appreciate how sustainable siting and design will facilitate the implementation of EMS; • Discuss the potential for incorporating sustainable design features into existing buildings and how it will facilitate EMS; • Discuss sustainable siting and design for new buildings and how it will facilitate EMS.
SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN 167 What is Sustainable Design? Sustainable design involves buildings that need fewer resources and materials to build, occupy and maintain, and are more comfortable and healthy to live and work in. ‘Sustainable design is not a new building style. Instead, it represents a revolution in how we think about, design, construct and operate buildings. Sustainable design aims to lessen the harm caused by poorly designed buildings by using the best of ancient building approaches in a logical combination with the best of new technological advances. Its ultimate goal is to go even further and build offices, homes, even entire subdivisions, that are net producers of energy, food, clean water and air, beauty and healthy human and biological communities.’ The Rocky Mountain Institute, USA S E C T I O N 1 Buildings have significant impacts on the environment. In most industrialised countries, carbon-dioxide emissions from buildings account for half of total national carbon emissions, while construction waste amounts to 35-40% of national annual waste output. In the UK, each person uses over 6,000kg of building materials every year. The 1960s was the most notorious era for the construction of uneconomical and uncomfortable buildings which, as described by the celebrated architect Lewis Mumford, can “only be inhabited with the aid of the most expensive devices of heating and refrigeration.” Admittedly, modern buildings are much more resource- and energy-efficient than those built 30 years ago, but they are still far from sustainable, and continue to be designed with little regard for climate, improved comfort, or reduction of water, energy and waste during construction and occupation. We all pay the costs of unsustainable buildings. Employees working in badly ventilated and illuminated offices perform poorly and register high levels of occupational illness. Companies and homeowners face rising bills for heating damp, draughty buildings. Multiplier effects go even further – tropical forests are logged to provide timber for buildings in Europe, Japan and North America, and large rivers are being dammed to generate hydro-electricity for energy-intensive homes, business and other sites. Why is Sustainable Design Important in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry? The tourism industry, notorious for erecting buildings that ruin the beauty and integrity of their surroundings, ironically spends around US$701 billion a year on capital investments, which include hospitality businesses, airports, visitor centres and offices. With the expansion of the nature, adventure and rural tourism markets, more and more structures are being built in remote and fragile environments where it is vital that impacts be kept to a minimum. Tourism buildings, due to the intensity of use, need to be regularly repaired and refurbished, which involves further impacts. Tourists are also responding to good design. According to a 1996 study by the Travel Industry Association of America, some 43 million Americans are willing to pay an 8.5% premium to stay in what they perceive to be an environmentally sensitive property.
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sowing the seeds of change AN ENVIR
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ii Foreword It is with great pleasu
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iv About the Sponsors Le Ministère
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vi Bass Hotels & Resorts Bass Hotel
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viii Table of Contents USER’S GUI
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TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRO
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Our natural ecologies today are in
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