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196 UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES Coefficient of Embodied Energy of Building Materials 7 7 Great care must be taken when interpreting these numbers, as they vary from country to country based on the source of raw materials, production processes and transport distances. COEFFICIENTS OF EMBODIED ENERGY MATERIAL COEFFICIENT Wood 1 Brick 2 Cement 3 Glass 4 Fibre Glass 7 Steel 8 Plastic 30 Aluminium 80 3.3 The Use of Environment Management During Occupation Sustainable building design is not the end, just the beginning. Buildings have to be used and maintained to optimise the benefits of the sustainable features incorporated in them. Lower energy use, material use and waste output during occupation also facilitates the implementation of EMS. A few examples of environment management technologies, fittings and appliances are given below. Many of them have been discussed earlier in this Unit and in Unit 4: WATER RELATED TECHNOLOGIES • Grey water reuse systems; • Water-saving products such as low-flow showerheads and tap aerators; • Low-flush toilets and vacuum toilets; • Waterless urinals; • Alternative sewage treatment systems; • Dishwashers that operate on 5.3 gallons (as opposed to 12.5 gallons) and 40% less energy than conventional models; • Washing machines and dryers that use 14 gallons per full cycle; conventional models use 50 gallons of water and 50% more energy. S E C T I O N 3 HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT • Renewable-energy systems; • Solar-powered fans, cooling systems and refrigerators; • Solar space heaters; • Hydraulic space heating systems; • Heat-recovery systems; • Building management systems; • Combined heat and power systems.
UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES 197 ENERGY-EFFICIENT LIGHTING: • Low-energy lighting fixtures; • Control systems such as dimmers, timers and photoelectric cells; • Solar-power DC exterior lighting. WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES: • Paper and plastic compactors; • Composting vessels; • Paper and plastic bailing equipment; • Composting toilets. S E C T I O N 3
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sowing the seeds of change AN ENVIR
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ii Foreword It is with great pleasu
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iv About the Sponsors Le Ministère
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vi Bass Hotels & Resorts Bass Hotel
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viii Table of Contents USER’S GUI
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x Unit 4: Environment Management Sy
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003 UNIT 1 WHERE DO WE STAND? THE S
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SECTION 1: THE STATE OF THE ENVIRON
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UNIT 1: WHERE DO WE STAND? THE STAT
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TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRO
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038 UNIT 2: TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AN
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046 SECTION 4: THE NEED FOR ENVIRON
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055 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTA
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SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
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SECTION 2: VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES AN
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UNIT 3: ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTARY
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069 UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT S
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SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
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SECTION 2: DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENT
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UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYST
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123 EMS STAGE 4: CONDUCTING THE EMS
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SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES ON EMS IN H
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Page 218 and 219: 200 SECTION 6: CASE STUDIES Environ
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Page 232 and 233: RESOURCES 213 The following is a li
Page 234 and 235: 215 Unit 4 Being Green Keeps You Ou
Page 236 and 237: 217 Introduction of Environment Imp
Page 238: Our natural ecologies today are in
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