Online version: PDF - DTIE

More documents

Recommendations

Info

178 UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES Windows and Vents Windows and vents can be used in combination with insulation and direct gain to direct natural ventilation, heating and cooling as required. Examples of Good Practice An example of the use of passive solar in a large commercial building is the 250,000 square foot Codex World Headquarters building in Canton, Massachusetts, USA: • The building is lit by natural daylight year round, through a range of passive daylighting devices including the extensive use of windows and skylights, as well as a high central garden with a large glass roof supported by slender white columns. • The garden is landscaped with date palms and fig creepers, all drought-resistant plant varieties. • The garden provides natural light to the office floors that are served by windows opening to the garden on three sides. In Santa Fe, New Mexico, a series of ‘solar clay’ homes demonstrate passive solar design principles for the region’s mix of hot summer days, cool nights and cold winters. • All public rooms, including the dining/kitchen area, have at least one window and sometimes a door leading to a greenhouse. In winter, the windows are opened to allow the heated greenhouse air to circulate through the house. • The concrete-block and clay walls between the greenhouse and the house can prolong the sun’s radiated heat for up to five overcast winter days (a rare occurrence). Since by natural convection hot air rises and cool air sinks, the greenhouse is placed lower. The heated greenhouse air circulates through the house, falling as it cools. Solar engineers refer to this natural movement as a ‘thermosiphon’. No fan or other mechanical device is needed. • In summer, the greenhouse is isolated from the house, and is shaded and vented to keep it cool. On summer nights, windows to the house are opened. • A solar water-heater on the south face of the greenhouse provides hot water. • The house requires no back-up heating. S E C T I O N 3 3.1.3 Renewable Energy Use Renewable energy is energy that can be produced at the same rate as or faster than it is consumed. It therefore does not contribute towards the depletion of natural resources. It also avoids carbon dioxide and other greenhouse-gas emissions. Renewable energy sources include solar, hydro, wind, bio-fuels and geothermal energy. ‘Renewables technology’ has gained much ground in the last ten years: • There have been significant improvements in the efficiency of renewable-energy technology; • Related capital costs have dropped;
UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES 179 • The deregulation of energy markets gives renewables open access to national electricity grids. Power companies are offering businesses and homes the choice of using ‘green’ electricity generated from renewables; • Equipment and appliances are becoming ever more energy-efficient. This makes the use of renewable energy increasingly feasible; • Concerns about air quality, global warming and climate change provide added impetus to reducing both our dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse-gas emissions. This is increasing the focus on renewable energy sources. Many governments and power companies provide loans, grants and subsidies to promote the use of renewable energy. For tourism and hospitality businesses in rural areas, including those more than a kilometre away from the national grid, renewable energy is usually a good cost-efficient alternative, especially in view of the financial and environment costs of extending the grid. S E C T I O N 3 Solar Water-Heating Solar water-heating is well established as a cost-effective To water tap and sustainable energy source for hot water supply. The technology consists of: • A collector surface heated by the sun, over which the water to be heated passes; • A heat-transfer medium; • A storage tankback-up water heaters to meet peak demand periods, to heat water to higher temperatures, or to provide hot water when there is no sun. Casing Storage tank Lower conduit Upper conduit To optimise exposure to sunlight, collector panels are usually put on the roof, either flush on the surface or up on brackets. If Water flow roof space is not available, the panels can also be installed at ground level, with the disadvantage that if the building is more than one storey high, the hot water will have to be pumped to higher levels, using additional energy (e.g. an electric pump). For best performance, collector plates should face north when in the southern hemisphere and south when in the northern hemisphere. They should be inclined at an angle from the horizontal equal to the latitude, although this may vary with latitude. The most efficient systems include collector panels with special coatings which absorb direct solar radiation (visible light) and radiate little direct heat (infrared radiation) back into the surrounding air. This enables the collector to reach much higher temperatures, meaning smaller collectors to heat larger amounts of water, which in turn can greatly reduce the space required. In colder climates, it is necessary to have a freeze protection on the panels to prevent damage from the expansion of water in the collector pipes. Anti-freeze solar technology includes cells with anti-freeze liquid, panels fitted with small electric heaters, or anti-freeze valves. Active solar heating – collector plate of a solar water heater with storage tank Source: ETSU/DTI Transparent cover Black absorber plate Insulation
Page 1 and 2:
sowing the seeds of change AN ENVIR
Page 3 and 4:
ii Foreword It is with great pleasu
Page 5 and 6:
iv About the Sponsors Le Ministère
Page 7 and 8:
vi Bass Hotels & Resorts Bass Hotel
Page 9 and 10:
viii Table of Contents USER’S GUI
Page 11 and 12:
x Unit 4: Environment Management Sy
Page 13 and 14:
xii
Page 15 and 16:
002
Page 17 and 18:
003 UNIT 1 WHERE DO WE STAND? THE S
Page 19 and 20:
SECTION 1: THE STATE OF THE ENVIRON
Page 21 and 22:
UNIT 1: WHERE DO WE STAND? THE STAT
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRO
Page 51 and 52:
036
Page 53 and 54:
038 UNIT 2: TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AN
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
046 SECTION 4: THE NEED FOR ENVIRON
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
055 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTA
Page 73 and 74:
SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
Page 75 and 76:
SECTION 2: VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES AN
Page 77 and 78:
UNIT 3: ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTARY
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83:
Page 86 and 87:
069 UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT S
Page 88 and 89:
SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
Page 90 and 91:
SECTION 2: DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENT
Page 92 and 93:
UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYST
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
123 EMS STAGE 4: CONDUCTING THE EMS
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147: SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES ON EMS IN H
Page 148 and 149: UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYST
Page 182 and 183: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND
Page 184 and 185: 166 Section 7 Case studies Learning
Page 186 and 187: 168 UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING,
Page 216 and 217: 198 SECTION 4: REUSE OF EXISTING BU
Page 218 and 219: 200 SECTION 6: CASE STUDIES Environ
Page 230 and 231: PARTING THOUGHTS 211 “Expand your
Page 232 and 233: RESOURCES 213 The following is a li
Page 234 and 235: 215 Unit 4 Being Green Keeps You Ou
Page 236 and 237: 217 Introduction of Environment Imp
Page 238: Our natural ecologies today are in
show all

Online version: PDF - DTIE

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?