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168 UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES The Benefits of Sustainable Design • FACILITATES ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Sustainable design greatly facilitates the implementation of EMS. Some of the greatest challenges for EMS are finding ways to reduce resource use and waste output in buildings that offer very little scope for low and medium cost improvements. But a building constructed to maximise day lighting, lower heat loss or gain, use renewable energy, provide plumbing for the reuse of grey water, and lower watering needs through thoughtful landscaping, makes the implementation of EMS much easier. • LOWER ENERGY USE As discussed in Unit 4, repair and retrofit options can reduce energy consumption by 30-50% in most buildings. This can be increased to 80% if coupled with sustainable design features. • PEOPLE PREFER ‘GREEN’ There is an increasing demand for airy, comfortable homes and offices in neighbourhoods with open spaces, parks, trees and greenery. Sustainable design demonstration projects show that people are willing to pay a premium for ‘green’ homes and buildings. • IMPROVES PRODUCTIVITY AND ENHANCES CORPORATE IMAGE Improving employee productivity is a strong incentive for ‘green’ offices. As salaries account for the highest proportion of operating costs, the business benefits of increased productivity can make a substantial contribution towards offsetting payback periods for building improvements. ‘Green’ buildings can also improve corporate image. Sustainable design results in durable, attractive buildings, reduced operating and maintenance costs, improved comfort and convenience and low environment impact. S E C T I O N 1
SECTION 2: SUSTAINABLE SITING OF BUILDINGS 169 2.1 Site Selection Site selection is the first step in the sustainable design process. The site must be compatible with the purpose of the proposed development and be suitable for building. A site selection checklist for hospitality and tourism businesses is given below. The developer alone will not be able to provide all the answers. A pluri-disciplinary approach with input from ecologists, architects, construction engineers and environment specialists will be needed to determine the appropriateness of the site. S E C T I O N 2 Site Selection Checklist 1. WHAT ARE THE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE? • An overview of the hydrology and geology of the site is needed to determine the rate of erosion and if soils are stable enough for building; • How fragile and valuable is the topography? To what extent will it be disturbed or destroyed by the proposed development? • Has the site been degraded by previous building, industrial or agricultural uses? To what extent can the proposed development restore the productivity and biodiversity of the site? 2. DOES THE SITE HAVE SPECIAL CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE? • Is the site of cultural, religious or archaeological significance? • Are there structures on the site that are of cultural, religious or historical importance? • Will there be social conflicts if the land is used for the proposed development? • To what extent can existing structures be preserved and enhanced by the proposed development? 3. ARE THERE BETTER USES FOR THE SITE? • Given the ecological and cultural significance of the site, should it be used for the proposed development? 4. IS THE SITE NEAR EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS ROADS, POWER LINES, WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL SITES? • This question is crucial to determine the multiplier impacts. If the site is remote from existing infrastructure, what will be the impacts of extending essential infrastructure to it? • Will the proposed development contribute to the expansion of urban sprawl? • Can the proposed development be built as a self-contained unit in terms of water, energy and waste disposal?
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sowing the seeds of change AN ENVIR
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ii Foreword It is with great pleasu
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iv About the Sponsors Le Ministère
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vi Bass Hotels & Resorts Bass Hotel
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viii Table of Contents USER’S GUI
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x Unit 4: Environment Management Sy
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003 UNIT 1 WHERE DO WE STAND? THE S
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TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRO
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SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
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UNIT 3: ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTARY
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069 UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT S
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217 Introduction of Environment Imp
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Our natural ecologies today are in
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