Online version: PDF - DTIE

More documents

Recommendations

Info

184 UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES The power available from flowing water depends on the: • Vertical distance over which the water ‘falls’; • Volumes of water flow; • Pressure of the water entering the power plant via the inset pipe; • Efficiency of the turbine and generator equipment. The basic small hydropower equation therefore is: Power (kilowatts) = 10 x flow (m3) x fall (m) x turbine efficiency Friction losses can be accounted for by decreasing the fall variable by an appropriate amount. In terms of design, small-scale hydro systems can be run-of-the-river or water storage developments. As the name implies, run-of-the-river developments use water that is available in the natural flow of the waterway, and does not involve water storage lakes or flooding. The power output, therefore, fluctuates with the availability of water, and during dry seasons power production may have to cease altogether. A dam or weir may, however, still be required if the waterway needs to be diverted, especially if the di<strong>version</strong> is to take advantage of existing downward gradients in the waterway. Water storage developments involve the construction of dams or weirs to divert water, as well as the construction of new reservoirs or ponds to store water. The benefit of such systems is that they can generate electricity on demand. Good Practice Tip Except in very remote areas where the price of energy is high, creating lakes and reservoirs will be too costly (both in economic and environmental terms) for most small-scale hydro developments. S E C T I O N 3 The drawbacks are significant environment impacts. The construction of dams, weirs and canals alters the nature of streams and causes erosion, while the di<strong>version</strong> of water into the turbine affects volume and flow of water downstream. Run-of-the-river-system plants offer some possibilities of minimising impacts. As the system uses the embodied power in the river water as it flows through the plant without causing appreciable changes in the river flow. Example of Good Practice A micro-hydropower system provides reliable electricity supply while being economically compatible with the location of the Lemonthyme Lodge, between the Lemonthyme Valley and Cradle Mountain in the forest above Lake Cethana, in Northwest Tasmania. The complex has an open living area, a restaurant, conference facilities, 18 self-contained cabins, a craft shop, guest and staff laundries, and staff accommodation. Water from a stream which passes close to the Lodge enters an intake pipe and flows down a steel pipeline, falling over 200m to attain the water pressure necessary to run the 52-kilowatt turbine. The turbine, located near the Lodge, provides electricity 24 hours a day for lighting, refrigeration and some heating.
UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM FACILITIES 185 The total power requirement of all lighting is approximately 6 kilowatts with an average of 70 lights on during the evening. The system also supplies the Lodge with drinking water and serves as a fire-fighting facility. The micro-hydro system was selected because the closest power lines were about 2km away through forest and the connection costs would have been over A$40,000. In addition, the two options for grid connection would have caused major impacts on the landscape. The shortest and cheapest option, from the grid through the forest to the Lodge, would have had the greatest environment and aesthetic impact, as it required repeated clearing under the power lines. Following the road would have had the least impact, but increased connection costs due to the greater distance. A diesel generator was considered but was rejected as the potential noise and emissions from its operation were incompatible with the wilderness experience. S E C T I O N 3 The ‘essential ingredients’ for the successful installation and operation of the system include: • The possibility of collecting water in the intake pipe; • Suitable fall: the water effectively falls the net equivalent of 142m with a flow rate of 46 litres per second; • Turbine location at the Lodge, where it provides a rated maximum of 52 kw of power and operates at around 48 kw capacity. The noise level immediately outside the turbine is low, and is inaudible at short distances. The cost of the micro-hydro system was A$130,000. Wind 47 metre rotor diameter 23 metre long blade from hub to tip 1 5 4 3 2 Based on Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Wind Turbine (approximate dimensions). 1: Wind sensors 2: Rotor 3: Rotating Mount 4: Gearbox 5: Electric generator 65 metres tall from base to turbine 3.5 metre base diameter Wind is air in motion, caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface. Wind turbines capture the solar energy stored in the wind and convert it into electricity. They can be used as remote power systems or as grid-connected applications.
Page 1 and 2:
sowing the seeds of change AN ENVIR
Page 3 and 4:
ii Foreword It is with great pleasu
Page 5 and 6:
iv About the Sponsors Le Ministère
Page 7 and 8:
vi Bass Hotels & Resorts Bass Hotel
Page 9 and 10:
viii Table of Contents USER’S GUI
Page 11 and 12:
x Unit 4: Environment Management Sy
Page 13 and 14:
xii
Page 15 and 16:
002
Page 17 and 18:
003 UNIT 1 WHERE DO WE STAND? THE S
Page 19 and 20:
SECTION 1: THE STATE OF THE ENVIRON
Page 21 and 22:
UNIT 1: WHERE DO WE STAND? THE STAT
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRO
Page 51 and 52:
036
Page 53 and 54:
038 UNIT 2: TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AN
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
046 SECTION 4: THE NEED FOR ENVIRON
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
055 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTA
Page 73 and 74:
SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
Page 75 and 76:
SECTION 2: VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES AN
Page 77 and 78:
UNIT 3: ENVIRONMENT LAW, VOLUNTARY
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83:
Page 86 and 87:
069 UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT S
Page 88 and 89:
SECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIR
Page 90 and 91:
SECTION 2: DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENT
Page 92 and 93:
UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYST
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
123 EMS STAGE 4: CONDUCTING THE EMS
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES ON EMS IN H
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153: UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYST
Page 182 and 183: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING, DESIGN AND
Page 184 and 185: 166 Section 7 Case studies Learning
Page 186 and 187: 168 UNIT 5: THE SUSTAINABLE SITING,
Page 216 and 217: 198 SECTION 4: REUSE OF EXISTING BU
Page 218 and 219: 200 SECTION 6: CASE STUDIES Environ
Page 230 and 231: PARTING THOUGHTS 211 “Expand your
Page 232 and 233: RESOURCES 213 The following is a li
Page 234 and 235: 215 Unit 4 Being Green Keeps You Ou
Page 236 and 237: 217 Introduction of Environment Imp
Page 238: Our natural ecologies today are in
show all

Online version: PDF - DTIE

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?