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UNIT 2: TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT – IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS 051 UNIT 2: EXERCISES 1. GROUP DISCUSSION OR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Consider an urban or rural tourist location where environment degradation is, or will soon be, causing concern. To what extent is the tourism industry contributing to this degradation? What efforts are in place to curb this degradation? What additional efforts could be made towards environmentally-sound tourism? 2. GROUP DISCUSSION, GROUP PROJECT OR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT You have been invited by your local authority to develop an environmentallysound tourism strategy for your town/province. What are the principles that will guide you in the development of this strategy? Make a 10-15 minute presentation outlining this strategy. E X E R C I S E S 3. GROUP DISCUSSION OR GROUP PROJECT Consider your daily lifestyle over the past week and list all the goods and services you have purchased and consumed, including water and electricity, food and drink, transport, entertainment and leisure activities, communications, toiletries, clothes, books, stationery, etc. This will now give you an idea of the material intensity of daily lifestyles. Discuss and begin to assess the environment impacts that have taken place in order to provide you with these goods and services. With little or no inconvenience to your present lifestyle and comfort, what could you do to lower the environment impacts of your daily life? 4. GROUP DISCUSSION, GROUP PROJECT OR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Outline the environment impacts caused by tourism in your region or country. What measures have been taken to manage these impacts? Critically assess the effectiveness of these measures and how they could be improved. 5. GROUP DISCUSSION OR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Discuss the following statements: • There are environmental limits to the development of tourism. • Tourism is a victim of its own success. 6. WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Develop an action checklist for environmentally-sound tourism. 7. WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Read the following article and write a 1,500-word report on how sustainable tourism could be developed in the Maldives.
052 UNIT 2: TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT – IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS Letter from the Maldives - Not Sinking but Drowning From THE ECONOMIST, 13 May 2000 How do you keep paradise afloat? The Maldivians urgently want to know. Their ocean country is made up of more than a thousand coral islands strewn across the turquoise waters of the equatorial Indian ocean. Buoyed by good weather, good location and lots of tourism, the country’s 250,000 or so citizens lead comfortable lives. Yet for how much longer, nobody knows. The sea around them is rising. The problem of greenhouse gases may sound nebulous in Maidstone or Miami. But to the people of the Maldives it is a clear and present danger. The noisy tea shops of Male, the capital, are full of men (no women: this is an Islamic country) who can tell you all about the early signs of impending disaster. Fishermen hawking their catch at the market complain of the decline in live bait. Hotel owners lament that the warming of the sea has bleached the life, and pretty colours, out of much of the famous coral. And in case anyone should gaze at the clear sky or sparkling water and wonder if life wasn’t so bad after all, Abdul Gayoom, the president of the Maldives and Asia’s longest-serving ruler, is never silent for long on the threat that global warming poses to his fellow citizens and to the island’s tourism. He uses his grip on the local press to keep the dangers close to the front of everyone’s mind. Nor do his anxieties stop at his own country’s coral. He is world spokesman for low-lying islanders everywhere. Engineering is one answer, for the Maldives at least. To combat the surge in storms and waves, the government has built what locals call the ‘Great Wall of Male’: a concrete barrier 1.8-metre (6 ft) high that partly rings the capital. Set just off shore, it was designed to absorb wave energy and spare Male further damage. More ambitious is Hulhumale, an artificial island, higher than Male, that officials say they are building nearby. Sceptics mock. But the plan is to house perhaps half the country’s present population there, eventually. Most of the Maldives’ coral is less than a metre above sea level. So a sea-level rise of three-quarters of a metre this century, which many who study climate think it reasonable to expect, would wipe the country out. Even a less fearsome 20-centimetre rise, combined with bigger waves, could wreak havoc. William Allison, a scientist who lives in Male, explains it as follows. Global warming threatens coral in several ways. Rising seas are not bad in themselves. They give coral more upward growing room. But coral flourishes in water of around 22°C. A warmer atmosphere threatens to heat the local ocean to more than that, killing the coral. Another danger is carbon dioxide. When too much of this gas dissolves in seawater, corals build skeletons only with the greatest difficulty. A final worry is that hotter temperatures will increase the scale and frequency of storms. It sounds grim. But Robert Mendelsohn of Yale University has a cheery, get-inyour-boat solution. Not that he thinks low-lying islanders are exaggerating. Their reefs and beaches could well be submerged, in his view. But burning less oil to keep air cool so ice stays ice and the seas don’t warm is too expensive and roundabout a way to meet the danger, Mr Mendelsohn thinks. Wouldn’t it be cheaper, he asks, for Maldivians, and those like them, to move? E X E R C I S E S
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sowing the seeds of change AN ENVIR
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ii Foreword It is with great pleasu
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iv About the Sponsors Le Ministère
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vi Bass Hotels & Resorts Bass Hotel
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viii Table of Contents USER’S GUI
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x Unit 4: Environment Management Sy
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PARTING THOUGHTS 211 “Expand your
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RESOURCES 213 The following is a li
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215 Unit 4 Being Green Keeps You Ou
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217 Introduction of Environment Imp
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Our natural ecologies today are in
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