Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf

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Evidence on the food environment and obesity 49 Warner KE : The effects of the anti-smoking campaign on cigarette consumption . Am J Public Health 1977 ; 67 ( 7 ): 645 – 650 . 50 Dijksterhuis A et al: Yes, there is a preferential detection of negative stimuli: a response to labiouse . Psychol Sci 2004 ; 15 ( 8 ): 571 – 572 . 51 Shiv B , Britton J , Payne J : Does elaboration increase or decrease the effectiveness of negatively versus positively framed messages? J Consum Res 2004 ; 31 ( 1 ): 199 – 208 . 52 Kemps E , Tiggemann M : Working memory performance and preoccupying thoughts in female dieters: evidence for a selective central executive impairment . Br J Clin Psychol 2005 ; 44 ( 3 ): 357 – 366 . 119
CHAPTER 15 Food and b everage m arketing to c hildren Gerard Hastings and Georgina Cairns Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling and the Open University, Stirling, UK Summary and recommendations for practice • Marketing has a powerful influence on all our behaviors. It comprises consumer orientation, multi-faceted working and strategic planning. When harnessed to energy dense foods it has contributed to the obesity pandemic. It can also be a force for good in the form of social marketing. • Experience from tobacco control suggests how this potential can be realized. • The ultimate need is to significantly reduce the commercial marketing for food and beverages to children and to strategically increase the social marketing approaches to tackle childhood obesity. Introduction Marketing is based on a very simple idea: putting the consumer — rather than production — at the heart of the business process. This simple but powerful concept underpins the effects marketing has had in encouraging childhood obesity; this chapter argues that, not only does this obesogenic marketing need to be reduced, but that the concepts as applied through social marketing can also guide efforts to combat childhood obesity. Consumer focus is only part of the marketing story. Successful marketing begins with a critical analysis of Preventing Childhood Obesity. Edited by E. Waters, B.A. Swinburn, J.C. Seidell and R. Uauy. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing. the broad environmental factors that encourage individualized choices. The resulting insights guide the development of micro - level offers. Applying a marketing approach to the challenge of childhood obesity generates opportunities to make health - reinforcing behaviors desirable and accessible, and inform multi - sectoral, multi - disciplinary policy progress. To harness the power of marketing, however, its potential scope and force must first be recognized by the broad stakeholder community, and a marketing mindset applied from the beginning of the planning process. This chapter begins by explaining the need for marketing thinking. It examines the evidence base on food promotion to children, which has not only established that there is an effect, but has also informed UK policy - makers in their decision to impose restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. This path has been well trodden by tobacco control, and the chapter goes on to identify significant learning points that emerge from this experience. Finally, drawing on tobacco control, commercial marketing and social marketing experiences, the chapter concludes with calls to reduce obesogenic marketing to children and to take social marketing - oriented strategic action. The necessary behavior changes to reverse the rising rates of childhood overweight and obesity will not be achieved by ad hoc, isolated interventions driven by the supply side (be that public policy or commercial interests). Comprehensive, large - scale interventions require strategic planning. Effective planning needs to be informed and shaped by the recognition that we are caught in both the firm grip of an obesogenic environment and a somewhat passive acceptance of the trend towards overweight and obesity as the norm, rather than the exception, by many lay persons, and 120
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Preventing Childhood Obesity Eviden
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Preventing Childhood Obesity Eviden
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Contents Foreword, vii Contributors
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Foreword Obesity became a major hea
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Contributors Rob Carter PhD Head, H
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Contributors Shiriki Kumanyika PhD,
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Preface If we had all the evidence,
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CHAPTER 1 The c hildhood o besity e
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Childhood obesity epidemic Table 1.
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Childhood obesity epidemic explain
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Childhood obesity epidemic Table 1.
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Childhood obesity epidemic hepatiti
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Childhood obesity epidemic 15 Shiel
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CHAPTER 2 Lessons from the c ontrol
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Lessons from the control of other e
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Childhood obesity prevention overvi
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CHAPTER 4 No c ountry for f at c hi
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No country for fat children? Ethica
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A human rights approach to childhoo
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Part 2 community and government age
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Chapter 6 Questions Evidence needed
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Chapter 6 ioral determinants rather
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Chapter 6 These issues are particul
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Chapter 6 15 Carrel AL , Bernhardt
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Chapter 7 at the state level to app
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Chapter 7 prevention efforts, parti
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Chapter 7 interventions. This appro
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CHAPTER 8 Evidence of the i nfl uen
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Chapter 8 choices in adolescence, 1
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 8 itself is unlikely to res
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 8 20 Cullen K , Baranowski
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 9 meal frequency, decreased
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 9 were behavioral (parent -
Page 95 and 96: Chapter 9 changes regarding partici
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 9 36 Campbell KJ , Hesketh
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 10 condition obesity in chi
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 10 the release of energy an
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 10 whereas Flynn et al 25 a
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 10 11 Baranowski T : Advanc
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER 11 Obesity p revention in s
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 11 translation (see Chapter
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 11 overweight and obesity r
Page 113 and 114: CHAPTER 12 The p revention of c hil
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 12 Selective prevention pro
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 12 Table 12.1 Recommendatio
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 12 Table 12.1 Continued Gui
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 12 short - and long - term
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 12 33 Woo KS , Chook P , Yu
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 13 There is a relatively sm
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 13 Modifying the b uilt e n
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 13 capacity to support chil
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 13 45 Staunton C , Hubsmith
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 14 Changes in the food envi
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 14 Promising interventions
Page 137: Chapter 14 10 USDA - ERS : Food CPI
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 15 Box 15.1 The findings of
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 15 Food, however, is not to
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 15 competitive analysis eac
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 15 behaviour: exploring the
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 16 pawn or sell possessions
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 16 obesity and that this ma
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 16 impact of this deprivati
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 16 10 Marin - Leon L , Sega
Page 157 and 158: CHAPTER 17 Socio - c ultural i ssue
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 17 The s ocio - c ultural e
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 17 with limited access and/
Page 163 and 164: Chapter 17 What else can be done to
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 17 55 Grier S , Kumanyika S
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 18 Ironically, these countr
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 18 key environmental factor
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 18 countries precludes the
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 18 7 Jafar TH , Qadri Z , I
Page 176 and 177: CHAPTER 19 Evaluation of c ommunity
Page 178 and 179: Evaluation of community-based obesi
Page 186 and 187: CHAPTER 20 Economic e valuation of
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Economic evaluation of obesity inte
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CHAPTER 21 Monitoring of c hildhood
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Monitoring of childhood obesity Non
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Monitoring of childhood obesity Noo
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Monitoring of childhood obesity Tab
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Monitoring of childhood obesity 11
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Knowledge translation and exchange
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The role of advocacy Why d o w e n
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The role of advocacy mate long - te
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The role of advocacy position put o
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The role of advocacy 6 Yach D , Haw
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Part 4 infrastructure, funding or r
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Chapter 24 by examining why policy
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Chapter 24 has privileged the manuf
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Chapter 24 case study is an analysi
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Chapter 24 by being highly visible
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CHAPTER 25 Developing the political
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Chapter 25 Involuntary: all society
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Chapter 25 Shiriki Kumanyika and co
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Chapter 25 The next steps Given the
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CHAPTER 26 Community i nterventions
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Chapter 26 Table 26.1 The health pr
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Chapter 26 consider and build on th
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Chapter 26 programs and messages be
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Chapter 26 Victoria, Australia. The
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Chapter 26 participants for appropr
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CHAPTER 27 Community c apacity b ui
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Chapter 27 level and macro - change
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Chapter 27 & Chomp ” where the co
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Chapter 27 Box 27.4 Excerpt from Go
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Chapter 27 Table 27.1 Capacity buil
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Chapter 27 38 Borys Jean - Michel :
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Chapter 28 Box 28.1 The EPODE progr
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Chapter 28 Figure 28.1 For parents:
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Chapter 28 Figure 28.2 Promoting ph
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Chapter 28 marketing, there is ofte
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Chapter 28 social problems. The art
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Chapter 29 length gain observed in
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Chapter 29 tissue deposition relate
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Chapter 29 A study in the USA found
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Chapter 29 7 Cole TJ , Bellizzi MC
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Chapter 29 environmental approaches
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Chapter 30 it all on their own, sin
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Chapter 30 Forty - three countries
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Chapter 30 Box 30.2 Elements of the
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Chapter 31 childhood obesity rates
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Chapter 31 became inactive or was t
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Chapter 31 healthy diets and portio
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CHAPTER 32 Working with m inority g
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Chapter 32 and reflect the circumst
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Chapter 32 inclusion and exclusion
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Chapter 32 3 Mercer SL , Vinney JD
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Chapter 33 % of total DALYs lost 2
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Chapter 33 Finally, within a given
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Chapter 33 urbanized and have aband
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Chapter 33 Box 33.1 Recommendations
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CHAPTER 34 Preventing c hildhood o
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Chapter 34 with a plateau in cigare
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Chapter 34 segments of the populati
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Index academic performance 11, 264
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Index evidence-based and evidence-i
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Index community-based 33, 58, 151,
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Index parental support 67 PE 25, 81
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Index Minnesota Heart Heath Project
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