Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf

Chapter 26
Table 26.1 The health promotion process.
Situational analysis Prioritization Planning Implementation
Technical assessment
(evidence from literature,
local evidence,
experience)
and community
consultation
(contextual situation,
socio - cultural factors,
felt needs, existing
programs, resources)
Elements
relating to behaviors,
knowledge/skill gaps
and environmental
barriers to healthy eating
and physical activity
prioritized on importance
(relevance and impact)
and changeability
Action plan development
Aims (overall goal)
Objectives (what will be
achieved)
Strategies (how the objective
will be achieved)
Actions (what will be done by
whom and when)
Implementation and
administration of
action plan
monitoring and
quality control
Capacity building
Workforce development, leadership, partnerships/relationships, organizational development, resources
Evaluation
Formative, process, impact, outcome, dissemination
the community. They are usually more effective, efficient
and sustainable in achieving intended outcomes
than are organizations working alone. 7 Community
ownership comes about by engaging and committing
to the process and the outcomes, working collaboratively
to develop a plan of action and then taking the
responsibility to implement it.
Capacity b uilding
Capacity building processes are usually required from
the outset to build the knowledge, skills, commitment,
leadership, resources, structures and systems to initiate
and sustain implementation efforts. Figure 26.1
provides one such framework, which can be applied
to obesity prevention efforts. The intent of capacity
building needs to be clear from the beginning. Usually,
it is best employed systematically,to build the capacity
of the community to develop infrastructure, enhance
program sustainability or build capabilities of community
members. 11 Integrating such a framework into
the action plan can assist in desired outcomes.
Principles of p rogram d esign
and p lanning
Program d esign
Program design begins with an assessment of contributing
factors in the context of the community.
Decisions can then be made about the focus and size
of program, as well as about the barriers and facilitators
to action. 12 The Analysis Grids of Elements Linked
to Obesity ( ANGELO ) framework and process was
specifically designed for obesity prevention, and is a
useful tool for assessing a community ’ s environment
and for prioritizing information from the community
to guide action. 13,14 The overall approach needs to be
framed to support the community ’ s view of the
problem in order to minimize harm, stigmatization
and blame. 15
Program p lanning
Using a strategic plan for the program planning
process can assist in attaining a balanced resource
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