Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf

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No country for fat children? Ethical questions concerning community-based programs to prevent obesity 21 Templeton , S - K . Fat boy may be put in care . The Times . 2007 Feb 25. www.timesonline.co.uk (accessed 9 July 2008). 22 Walking School Bus: Starting a walking school bus . www.walkingschoolbus.org (accessed 9 July 2008). 23 Hallo Wereld (Hello World): Education program via email . www.hallowereld.nl (accessed 9 July 2008). 24 Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Public health: ethical issues . 2007. www.nuffieldbioethics.org/go/ourwork/publichealth/ introduction.html (accessed 9 July 2008). 25 ‘Promoting stair climbing: intervention effects generalize to a subsequent stair ascent . ’ Webb O.J. , Eves F.F. , Am J Health Promot . 2007 Nov – Dec; 22 ( 2 ): 114 – 119 . 26 Fight against fat shifting to the workplace . New York Times 2003 (12 October). http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/12/ us/fight - against - fat - shifting - to - the - workplace.html (accessed 27 November 2009). 27 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_tax . (accessed 24 May 2009). 28 Insurers pile pounds on the overweight . The Guardian 2006 (1 January). http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2006/jan/ 01/observercashsection.healthinsurance , (accessed 27 November 2009). Extra weight, higher costs. The New York Times , 2006 (2 December). http://www.nytimes.com/2006/ 12/02/business/02money.html?_r=1 & pagewanted=print (accessed 27 November 2009). 29 Pupils get the measure of the walk to school . Gateshead Council 2008 , (5 November). http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/ Council%20and%20Democracy/news/News%20Articles/ Pupils%20Get%20the%20Measure%20of%20the%20 Walk%20to%20School.aspx (accessed 27 November 2009). 30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trim_and_Fit , accessed at may 24, 2009 , School link to eating disorders possible, Sandra Davie, The Straits Times , 2005 (16 May). http://www.moe. gov.sg/media/forum/2005/forum_letters/20050520.pdf (accessed 31 January 2010). 31 Rebecca R. Ruiz . A University Takes Aim at Obesity . The New York Times (27 November 2009 ), http://thechoice. blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/27/a - university - takes - aim - at - obesity/?scp=1 & sq=lincoln%20university%20 overweight%20diploma & st=cse (accessed 3 December 2009). 39
CHAPTER 5 A h uman r ights a pproach to c hildhood o besity p revention Naomi Priest, 1 Boyd Swinburn 2 and Elizabeth Waters 1 1 Jack Brockoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, McCaughey Centre, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Summary • Three sets of human rights are relevant to childhood obesity: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCROC ), the right to adequate food, and the right to health. • Within UNCROC, the “developmental rights ” (right to develop to the fullest and the right to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation) are to protect children from circumstances injurious to their well - being. • The marketing of unhealthy food and beverages to children is an example of commercial exploitation of children. • The right to adequate food was originally aimed at preventing undernutrition and food insecurity, but has now been broadened to include overnutrition in vulnerable populations. • It is the right of everyone to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, and for children this may include freedom from obesity. • The use of a human rights approach to preventing childhood obesity helps to ensure that the debates and actions centre on what is best for children and the Sydney Principles to guide substantial reductions in food marketing of unhealthy foods that targets children is one example of such an application. Preventing Childhood Obesity. Edited by E. Waters, B.A. Swinburn, J.C. Seidell and R. Uauy. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing. Introduction The relationship between human rights and health is one that is now increasingly discussed throughout the world and rights - based approaches to public health issues are being promoted as having much to contribute to addressing health inequalities and achieving sustainable gains in population health. 1 – 4 To date, this relatively recent consideration of the relationship between human rights and health has largely concentrated on the right of individuals to health care and treatment and on the protection of individuals from physical harm. 5 For example, rights - based approaches have been used to advocate for strengthened health care systems, to target maternal mortality and reproductive health, mental health care, and neglected diseases, and to raise the profile of underlying determinants such as the right to water and sanitation. 10 The work of the UN Special Rapporteur 6 – on the right to health, a position established in 2002, has done much to promote greater global attention to health and human rights. 11 However, the health sector has also recently been critiqued for its relative silence on human rights, with the suggestion that there is a general lack of awareness within the field regarding human rights and what they mean in 1 practice. Human rights are essentially freedoms and entitlements that are concerned with protecting the inherent dignity and quality of all human beings, and encompass civil, political, economic, social and cultural 12,13 rights. While human rights are inspired by, and 40
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Preventing Childhood Obesity Eviden
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Preventing Childhood Obesity Eviden
Page 8 and 9: Contents Foreword, vii Contributors
Page 10: Foreword Obesity became a major hea
Page 13 and 14: Contributors Rob Carter PhD Head, H
Page 15 and 16: Contributors Shiriki Kumanyika PhD,
Page 18: Preface If we had all the evidence,
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER 1 The c hildhood o besity e
Page 24 and 25: Childhood obesity epidemic Table 1.
Page 26 and 27: Childhood obesity epidemic explain
Page 28 and 29: Childhood obesity epidemic Table 1.
Page 30 and 31: Childhood obesity epidemic hepatiti
Page 32 and 33: Childhood obesity epidemic 15 Shiel
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER 2 Lessons from the c ontrol
Page 36 and 37: Lessons from the control of other e
Page 42 and 43: Childhood obesity prevention overvi
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 4 No c ountry for f at c hi
Page 52 and 53: No country for fat children? Ethica
Page 60 and 61: A human rights approach to childhoo
Page 62 and 63: A human rights approach to childhoo
Page 64: A human rights approach to childhoo
Page 67 and 68: Part 2 community and government age
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 6 Questions Evidence needed
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 6 ioral determinants rather
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 6 These issues are particul
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 6 15 Carrel AL , Bernhardt
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 7 at the state level to app
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 7 prevention efforts, parti
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 7 interventions. This appro
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 8 Evidence of the i nfl uen
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 8 choices in adolescence, 1
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 8 itself is unlikely to res
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 8 20 Cullen K , Baranowski
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 9 meal frequency, decreased
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 9 were behavioral (parent -
Page 95 and 96: Chapter 9 changes regarding partici
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 9 36 Campbell KJ , Hesketh
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 10 condition obesity in chi
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 10 the release of energy an
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 10 whereas Flynn et al 25 a
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 10 11 Baranowski T : Advanc
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER 11 Obesity p revention in s
Page 109 and 110:
Chapter 11 translation (see Chapter
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 11 overweight and obesity r
Page 113 and 114:
CHAPTER 12 The p revention of c hil
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Chapter 12 Selective prevention pro
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Chapter 12 Table 12.1 Recommendatio
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Chapter 12 Table 12.1 Continued Gui
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Chapter 12 short - and long - term
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Chapter 12 33 Woo KS , Chook P , Yu
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Chapter 13 There is a relatively sm
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Chapter 13 Modifying the b uilt e n
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Chapter 13 capacity to support chil
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Chapter 13 45 Staunton C , Hubsmith
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Chapter 14 Changes in the food envi
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Chapter 14 Promising interventions
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Chapter 14 10 USDA - ERS : Food CPI
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CHAPTER 15 Food and b everage m ark
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Chapter 15 Box 15.1 The findings of
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Chapter 15 Food, however, is not to
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Chapter 15 competitive analysis eac
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Chapter 15 behaviour: exploring the
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Chapter 16 pawn or sell possessions
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Chapter 16 obesity and that this ma
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Chapter 16 impact of this deprivati
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Chapter 16 10 Marin - Leon L , Sega
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CHAPTER 17 Socio - c ultural i ssue
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 17 The s ocio - c ultural e
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Chapter 17 with limited access and/
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Chapter 17 What else can be done to
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Chapter 17 55 Grier S , Kumanyika S
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Chapter 18 Ironically, these countr
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Chapter 18 key environmental factor
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Chapter 18 countries precludes the
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Chapter 18 7 Jafar TH , Qadri Z , I
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CHAPTER 19 Evaluation of c ommunity
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Evaluation of community-based obesi
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Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
CHAPTER 20 Economic e valuation of
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Economic evaluation of obesity inte
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Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
CHAPTER 21 Monitoring of c hildhood
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Monitoring of childhood obesity Non
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Monitoring of childhood obesity Noo
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Monitoring of childhood obesity Tab
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Monitoring of childhood obesity 11
Page 204 and 205:
Knowledge translation and exchange
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Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
The role of advocacy Why d o w e n
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The role of advocacy mate long - te
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The role of advocacy position put o
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The role of advocacy 6 Yach D , Haw
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Part 4 infrastructure, funding or r
Page 223 and 224:
Chapter 24 by examining why policy
Page 225 and 226:
Chapter 24 has privileged the manuf
Page 227 and 228:
Chapter 24 case study is an analysi
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 24 by being highly visible
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CHAPTER 25 Developing the political
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Chapter 25 Involuntary: all society
Page 235 and 236:
Chapter 25 Shiriki Kumanyika and co
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Chapter 25 The next steps Given the
Page 239 and 240:
CHAPTER 26 Community i nterventions
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Chapter 26 Table 26.1 The health pr
Page 243 and 244:
Chapter 26 consider and build on th
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Chapter 26 programs and messages be
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Chapter 26 Victoria, Australia. The
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Chapter 26 participants for appropr
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CHAPTER 27 Community c apacity b ui
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Chapter 27 level and macro - change
Page 255 and 256:
Chapter 27 & Chomp ” where the co
Page 257 and 258:
Chapter 27 Box 27.4 Excerpt from Go
Page 259 and 260:
Chapter 27 Table 27.1 Capacity buil
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Chapter 27 38 Borys Jean - Michel :
Page 263 and 264:
Chapter 28 Box 28.1 The EPODE progr
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Chapter 28 Figure 28.1 For parents:
Page 267 and 268:
Chapter 28 Figure 28.2 Promoting ph
Page 269 and 270:
Chapter 28 marketing, there is ofte
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Chapter 28 social problems. The art
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Chapter 29 length gain observed in
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Chapter 29 tissue deposition relate
Page 277 and 278:
Chapter 29 A study in the USA found
Page 279 and 280:
Chapter 29 7 Cole TJ , Bellizzi MC
Page 281 and 282:
Chapter 29 environmental approaches
Page 283 and 284:
Chapter 30 it all on their own, sin
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Chapter 30 Forty - three countries
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Chapter 30 Box 30.2 Elements of the
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Chapter 31 childhood obesity rates
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Chapter 31 became inactive or was t
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Chapter 31 healthy diets and portio
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CHAPTER 32 Working with m inority g
Page 297 and 298:
Chapter 32 and reflect the circumst
Page 299 and 300:
Chapter 32 inclusion and exclusion
Page 301 and 302:
Chapter 32 3 Mercer SL , Vinney JD
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Chapter 33 % of total DALYs lost 2
Page 305 and 306:
Chapter 33 Finally, within a given
Page 307 and 308:
Chapter 33 urbanized and have aband
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Chapter 33 Box 33.1 Recommendations
Page 311 and 312:
CHAPTER 34 Preventing c hildhood o
Page 313 and 314:
Chapter 34 with a plateau in cigare
Page 315 and 316:
Chapter 34 segments of the populati
Page 317 and 318:
Index academic performance 11, 264
Page 319 and 320:
Index evidence-based and evidence-i
Page 321 and 322:
Index community-based 33, 58, 151,
Page 323 and 324:
Index parental support 67 PE 25, 81
Page 325:
Index Minnesota Heart Heath Project
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