Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf
Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf
Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf
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Developing country perspectives on obesity prevention policies <strong>and</strong> practices<br />
Table 33.1 Potential supply - side <strong>and</strong> dem<strong>and</strong> - side interventions in the food supply chain to modify food<br />
consumption, for example, in this case to reduce obesity.<br />
Link in the food<br />
supply chain<br />
Food policy instruments<br />
with nutritional impact<br />
Examples of impact on food<br />
consumption affecting obesity<br />
Feasibility of<br />
implementation<br />
Food production<br />
• Subsidies or price<br />
supports a (fruits -<br />
vegetables/lean meats<br />
<strong>and</strong> low - fat dairy)<br />
• Subsidies for production of<br />
low - fat options<br />
• Price guarantees for fruits <strong>and</strong><br />
vegetables<br />
Very difficult<br />
• Import <strong>and</strong> export quotas a<br />
• Export incentives for staple<br />
foods <strong>and</strong> oil seeds.<br />
Uncertain<br />
• Restrictions <strong>and</strong>/or tariffs on<br />
high fat/high sugar foods<br />
Food processing<br />
• Quality grading<br />
• Definition of the level of quality<br />
(changes in the criteria for<br />
selecting quality, e.g., lean<br />
versus fatty meats, high versus<br />
low - fat dairy products)<br />
Difficult<br />
• “ Identity st<strong>and</strong>ards ”<br />
• “ Identity st<strong>and</strong>ards ” — switch to<br />
low - fat milk <strong>and</strong> yoghurt, “ lean<br />
meats ”<br />
Possible<br />
• Nutrition labeling<br />
• Descriptors in nutrition labelling<br />
(e.g., low - fat milk, lean animal<br />
products, low - fat dairy, foods<br />
with added sugar, low glycemic<br />
index)<br />
Very likely<br />
Distribution,<br />
marketing, <strong>and</strong><br />
advertising of<br />
food<br />
• Advertising campaigns for<br />
lower energy - density<br />
products<br />
• Changes in the dem<strong>and</strong> of<br />
government programs for milk<br />
products (e.g. low - fat to replace<br />
full - fat milk)<br />
Difficult<br />
• Nutrition labeling<br />
• Use % fat or % lean in the<br />
labeling of ground meat<br />
Very likely<br />
• Portion size<br />
• Use % fat in labeling dairy foods<br />
Likely<br />
• Marketing st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
• Labeling in restaurant menus<br />
(total energy, quantity <strong>and</strong><br />
quality of fat, low in trans or<br />
saturated fat <strong>and</strong> low in sugar)<br />
according to portion size<br />
Very likely<br />
• St<strong>and</strong>ardization of the various<br />
sector descriptors: agricultural,<br />
health, marketing, trade<br />
• Reduce marketing of unhealthy<br />
foods to children<br />
Food choices<br />
<strong>and</strong> consumption<br />
• Public information<br />
campaigns to promote<br />
good nutrition<br />
• Nutrient profiles for consumer<br />
orientation (sugar/salt/saturated<br />
fat)<br />
Very likely<br />
• Promotion of specific<br />
products<br />
• Icon to orient food choices (e.g.<br />
ticks)<br />
Likely<br />
a<br />
The likelihood of applying these policy instruments is greater in developing countries.<br />
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