Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf

Poverty, household food insecurity and obesity in children
Built, economic, social and natural environment
Food
insecurity
Resources for care
• Economic
• Organisational
support
Resources
for care
• Human
Figure 16.1 Model of the
relationship linking food insecurity,
resources for care and parental
caring practices to overweight and
obesity in children within the
context of the built, economic, social
and natural environments.
Parental caring
practices
• responsiveness
• warmth
• parental investment
• encouragement
Overweight and
obesity in children
cost of healthy food; social policies that ensure social
inclusion and support; education programs for positive
parenting; housing policies that ensure adequate
and appropriate housing for children and the preparation
of healthy food; and training of community
workers to detect, assess and assist food insecure
households. Further research is required to confirm
the model we propose here. Ideally, this research
would use panel datasets including all the predictive
variables identified. This will help policy makers to
decide on the best strategies and investments for
improving household food security and reducing its
impact on childhood obesity.
References
1 Feachem RG : Poverty and inequity: a proper focus for the
new century . Bull World Health Organ 2000 ; 78 ( 1 ): 1 – 2 .
2 Senate Community Affairs References Committee
Secretariat : A Hand Up Not a Hand Out: Renewing the Fight
Against Poverty. Report on Poverty and Financial Hardship .
Canberra : Commonwealth of Australia , 2004 . www.aph.gov.
au/Senate/committee/clac_ctte/poverty/report/index.htm
(accessed 22 December 2008).
3 Bray JB . Hardship in Australia: An analysis of financial stress
indicators in the 1998 – 1999 Australian Bureau of Statistics
Household Expenditure Survey . Canberra : Department of
Family and Community Services , 2001 . www.aph.gov.au/
Senate/Committee/clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/
poverty/submissions/sub165a.pdf (accessed 22 December
2008).
4 Panel to Review US : Department of agriculture ’s measurement
of food insecurity and hunger . In Wunderlich G ,
Norwood J , eds. Food Insecurity and Hunger in the US: An
assessment of the measure . Washington : National Academies
Press , 2006 : 4 .
5 Pelletier D , Olson C , Frongillo E : Food insecurity, hunger
and undernutrition . In: Bowman B , Russell R , eds. Present
Knowledge in Nutrition , Ninth edn . Washington DC :
International Life Sciences Institute Press , 2006 :906 –922 .
6 Wolfe W , Frongillo EA : Building household food security
measurement tools from the ground up . Food Nutr Bull
2001 ; 22 : 5 – 12 .
7 Coates J , Swindale A , Bilinsky , P : Household Food Insecurity
Access Scale (HIFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food
Access: Indicator Guide . Washington DC : Academy for
Educational Development , 2007 . www.fantaproject.org/
publications/hfias.shtml (accessed 22 December 2008).
8 Studdert LJ , Frongillo EA , Jr. , Valois P : Household food
insecurity was prevalent in Java during Indonesia ’ s economic
crisis . J Nutr 2001 ; 131 ( 10 ): 2685 – 2691 .
9 Frongillo EA , Chowdhury N , Ekstrom EC , Naved RT :
Understanding the experience of household food insecurity
in rural Bangladesh leads to a measure different from that
used in other countries . J Nutr 2003 ; 133 ( 12 ): 4158 – 4162 .
135