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IIG THE MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE. [part ii. 19. " And wlieii tliey could not find by wliat way they miglit bring him in because of the multitude, they went upon the housetop, and let him down through the tiling with his couch [avv T(^ k\ivi^'h^) into the midst before Jesus," The variety of words employed by St. Luke for the beds of the sick is remarkable. He uses four, two of which are common to him with the other Evangelists, viz. Kkivn, the general word for a bed or couch, and Kpaj3(5aTog, the pallet of the poorer classes ; and two peculiar to himself, viz. * kXlvidiov and *KXivapiov. Here, after using the generic term kXiVj? in verse 18, he gives, in verse 19, the particular kind of kXivy] that the man was carried on, viz. a KXividiov. *KXividiov, a diminutive from KXtv}],was a small couch, and was also used, like the Latin diminutives lectica and lecticula, to denote a litter for carrying the sick, e.g. Dion. Hal. Antiq. Rom. vii. : rJKe appwarog IttX KXtvidiov KO/xiZofxevog— koi eTTudrj iravTci die^riXdev, axmaTag £/c tow KXnnSiou airyja Tolg kavrov TTOCTi dia Trig iroXeiog olicaSe vyirig. Plutarch. Coriolan. : koI Tov awpaTog ck^vm irapeOevTog aKparrig yevlcxOai. ravra B' Iv KXiviiiido ôpadr}v KopKjOdg ilg Trjv avyKXriTov aTn'iyyeiXev. airayyeiXag S', wg âcnv, evOvg ijaOeTO pu)vvvp.Evov aiiTOv to (TWjUo, Koi avuGTag airysi dC avrov (SaSi^wv. Compare Plutarch. De animi tranq. : ol voaovvTsg tov luTpov atnwi'Tat KoX dvax^paivovai to kXiviSiov. Plutarch. Animi an Corporis Affect, sint priores: 6 ti^ awfxaTi vocrwv evOvg Kadeig tavTov ug TO kXiviEiov— laTpog ucreXOwv Trpog avOpwirov lppifip.ivov iv T(0 KAtVtSlO). That the kXiviBiov was a couch of so light a kind that a woman could lift and carry it may be seen from Aristophanes, Lysistr. 916: 0£jO£ vw IvtyKw kXiviSiov vtov. * KXivapiov, Acts, V. 15: "Insomuch that they brought forth the sick into the streets, and laid them on beds and couches" (etti KXivapiu)v icai KjOoj3/3araiv). Besides this passage in St. Luke, KXivapiov appears to be found in only two other Grreek authors, viz. Aristophanes, " Fragments," and Arrian's "Dissertations of Epictetus." The
§ Lxii.] THE MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE. 117 former is a mere fragment of a line of a lost play, from wMcli nothing can be inferred as to the nature of the KXivapiov ; but probably it was used by Aristophanes as the other diminutive kXiviSiov in the Lysistr. for a light, easily carried cou.ch. In the other passage, however, it is used for the couch of a sick person, Arriau's "Dissertations of Epictetus," iii. 5 : aXX' 17 jio'yr'jp A'Oi' ^J/v K£âXr)v vO(TOvvtoc; ov KpaTijati. uTnOi Toivvv Trpbg r>}v jwrjrtjoa* a'stoc 700 fi tviv Ke(})a\ifv KpUTOVfUvog votrav oXX' fTTi KXivapiov KOju^pov Iv oiK(i) Kar£KeijUJ)v. airidi gov etti Tu KXivapiov' § LXII. Luke, VI. * diavvKTtpeveiv. * aTraireiv. * u7reXTri(êiv. * irdêiv. irapaT^piiv (verse 7, § 72). ivo\Xiiv (v. 18, § 7). efXTriirXriixi (v. 25, § 60). * irXriiiimvpa (v. 48, § 36). * 7rpo(Tp{]yvvnL (v. 48, § 36). * pifiyfjia (v. 49, § 36). "^ avfx-n'ntTuv (v. 49, § 36). 12. "And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and continued all night (Jiv SiavvKTepevojv) in prayer to Grod." * BiavvKTspevtiv. Peculiar to St. Luke. diawKTepeveiv, IvvvKTepeveiv, and vvKrepeveiv were all used in medical language. Galen. Comp. Med. ii. 3 (xii. 840) : fxera Se r?ju tov Vfiivog aipaipecnv eirideaei raiviîov koikj^vq tTriSZ/craf ea. KaXov pev îavvKT£osvHv' el Se py) ye, pe)(piQ wpiov tivojv. Dioscor. Medic. Parab. ii. 31 : rag Se a(j)odpag eKTrTixreiQ ev Tolg ijT]\iKoTg wêXei oivog ev (JKiXXy yXvêiarj diavevKTepeixrag. Dioscor. Mat. Med. ii. 91 : evwKTepevaai acpeig. Do. : taaov evvvKTepeixrai avro. Dioscor. Mat. Med. ii. 92: eaaov vvK-epevaai. Dioscor. Mat. Med. v. 132 : a(peg evvvKrepevaai. Galen. Comp. Med. vii. 15 (xiii. 1046) : Trpoaemx^^ St koi TOV oivov Kul TO eXaiov kuI eafrov evvvKVipevaOai. Galen.
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THE MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE.
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