Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology

546 Appendix III1972 Paul E. Dirksen and Paul H. Kress: “For the creation ofWATFOR Compiler, the first member of a powerful new familyof diagnostic and educational programming tools.”1973 Lawrence M. Breed, Richard Lathwell, and Roger Moore:“For their work in the design and implementation of APL/360,setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability andresponse time for interactive systems.”1974 George N. Baird: “For his successful development andimplementation of the Navy’s COBOL Compiler ValidationSystem.”1975 Allen L. Scherr: “For his pioneering study in quantitativecomputer performance analysis.”1976 Edward H. Shortliffe: “For his pioneering research whichis embodied in the MYCIN program. MYCIN is a program whichconsults with physicians about the diagnosis and treatment ofinfections. In creating MYCIN, Shortliffe employed his backgroundof medicine, together with his research in knowledgebasedsystems design, to produce an integrated package whichis easy for expert physicians to use and extend. Shortliffe’s workformed the basis for a research program supported by NIH, andhas been widely studied and drawn upon by others in the fieldof knowledge-based systems.”1978 Raymond C. Kurzweil: “For his development of aunique reading machine for the blind, a computer-based devicethat reads printed pages aloud. The Kurzweil machine is an 80-pound device that shoots a beam of light across each printedpage, converts the reflected light across each printed page, convertsthe reflected light into digital data that is analyzed by itsbuilt-in computer, and then transformed into synthetic speech.It is expected to make reading of all printed material possiblefor blind people, whose reading was previously limited to materialtranslated into Braille. The machine would not have beenpossible without another achievement by Kurzweil, that is, aset of rules embodied in the mini-computer program by whichprinted characters of a wide variety of sizes and shapes are reliablyand automatically recognized.”1979 Steven Wozniak: “For his many contributions to therapidly growing field of personal computing and, in particular,to the hardware and software for the Apple Computer.”1980 Robert M. Metcalfe: “For his work in the developmentof local networks, specifically the Ethernet.”1981 Daniel S. Bricklin: “For his contributions to personalcomputing and, in particular, to the design of VisCalc. Bricklin’sefforts in the development of the ‘Visual Calculator’ provide theexcellence and elegance that ACM seeks to sustain through suchactivities as the Awards program.”1982 Brian K. Reid: “For his contributions in the area of computerizedtext-production and typesetting systems, specificallyScribe which represents a major advance in this area. It embodiesseveral innovations based on computer science research inprogramming language design, knowledge-based systems, computerdocument processing, and typography. The impact ofScribe has been substantial due to the excellent documentationand Reid’s efforts to spread the system.”1984 Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Jr.: “For his work at the Xerox PaloAlto Research Center, where he was a major force, both technicaland inspirational, in the development of the SMALLTALKlanguage and its graphics facilities. He is the designer of theBITBLT primitive that is now widely used for generating imageson raster-scan displays. The combination of a good idea, a gooddesign, and very effective and careful implementation has ledto BITBLT’s wide acceptance in the computing community. Mr.Ingalls’ research has also directly and dramatically affected thecomputing industry’s view of what people should have in theway of accessible computing.”1985 Cordell Green: “For establishing several key aspects ofthe theoretical basis for logic programming and providing a resolutiontheorem prover to carry out a programming task by constructingthe result which the computer program is to compute.For proving the constructive technique correct and for presentingan effective method for constructing the answer; these contributionsproviding an early theoretical basis for Prolog andlogic programming.”1986 William N. Joy: “For his work on the Berkeley UNIXOperating System as a designer, integrator, and implementor ofmany of its advanced features including Virtual Memory, the C-shell, the vi Screen editor, and Networking.”1987 John K. Ousterhout: “For his contribution to very largescale integrated circuit computer aided design. His systems,Caesar and Magic, have demonstrated that effective CAD systemsneed not be expensive, hard to learn, or slow.”1988 Guy L. Steele: “For his general contributions to thedevelopment of Higher Order Symbolic Programming, principallyfor his advancement of lexical scoping in LISP.”1989 W. Daniel Hillis: “For his basic research on data parallelalgorithms and for the conception, design, implementation andcommercialization of the Connection Machine.”1990 Richard Stallman: “For pioneering work in the developmentof the extensible editor EMACS (Editing Macros).”1991 Feng-hsuing Hsu: “For contributions in architecture andalgorithms for chess machines. His work led to the creation ofthe Deep Thought Chess Machine, which led to the first chessplaying computer to defeat Grandmasters in tournament playand the first to achieve a certified Grandmaster level rating.”1993 Bjarne Stroustrup: “For his early work laying the foundationsfor the C++ programming language. Based on the foundationsand Dr. Stroustrup’s continuing efforts, C++ has becomeone of the most influential programming languages in the historyof computing.”