Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
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Index 579Vvacuum, robotic 253vacuum tube 85, 226, 525–526v<strong>and</strong>alism, electronic 100van Rossum, Guido 392variables 490–491. See also flagas address 3in Algol 7in Analytical Engine 35in BASIC 40binding <strong>and</strong> 45in classes 88COBOL <strong>and</strong> 91in compiling 96constants <strong>and</strong> 115in data mining 136functional languages <strong>and</strong>203–204in Pascal 362in PL/I 373in procedural languages 388in procedures 385in scripting languages 421in Smalltalk 433in Tcl 468variance, analysis <strong>of</strong> 458VAXcluster 216VAX minicomputers 41, 261VBA (Visual Basic for Applications)289, 422VBScript 422, 491–492, 508VDT (Video Display Terminal) 317Veblen, Oswald 86vector data 208, 337vectored interrupts 243vector fonts 201vector graphics 50, 214vector processing 461VeriSign 78–79Verizon Fios 58, 69, 191Verne, Jules 418Verro (robot) 253versioning 74, 115, 159VESA bus 63VGA (Video Graphics Array) 62,213, 236vi 261video, on PCs 322video accelerator 214video blogging 52video buffer 60video cameras, digital 372, 446,492video card. See graphics cardvideo cassette recorders (VCRs)163videoconferencing 83, 322, 342,474, 492–493, 497. See alsotelepresenceVideo Display Terminal (VDT) 317video distribution, online. Seemusic <strong>and</strong> video distribution,onlinevideo editing, digital 493. See alsophotography, digitalvideo games. See computer gamesVideo Graphics Array (VGA) 62,213, 236video players, digital. See music<strong>and</strong> video players, digitalVideo RAM (VRAM) 214Viewpoints Research Institute 264Viking l<strong>and</strong>ers 449Vinge, Verner 28, 419, 432violence, in games 104Violence Against Women Act 126virtual classes 88virtual community 83, 114, 125,407, 440, 493–494, 518Virtual Community, The (Rheingold)407virtual functions 68, 88virtual identities 237–238, 348virtualization 209, 494–495. Seealso simulationvirtual library 166–167, 211, 260virtual machine 95, 179, 286,434, 494. See also Java VirtualMachinevirtual memory 3, 224, 261, 302,308, 353Virtual Private Network (VPN)494, 513virtual property law 124virtual reality 495, 495–496art in 26in cyber culture 126digital convergence <strong>and</strong> 148Lanier’s work in 271–272military use <strong>of</strong> 311multimedia <strong>and</strong> 322neural interfaces <strong>and</strong> 335programming environmentin 388in science fiction 419for telepresence 474ubiquitous computing <strong>and</strong>484as user interface 489wearable displays for 501Virtual Reality (Rheingold) 407Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML) 496virtual school 170virtual worlds 104, 124, 237, 347–348, 391, 441–442, 482virus. See computer virusVisiCalc 18, 106, 258, 295, 366,452, 458vision, computer 27, 112, 363, 411VisualAge RPG 412Visual Basic 20, 40, 309, 387, 388,422, 491Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)289, 422visualization 47, 47, 420–421VL bus 63VMware 179, 494vocoder 42voice-coil actuator 222voiceprint 48voice recognition. See speechrecognition <strong>and</strong> synthesisvoice scanning 48voice synthesis 151VoIP (voice over Internet protocol)496–497, 497broadb<strong>and</strong> for 59cable service <strong>and</strong> 69, 163for chat 83Cisco’s work in 87satellite service <strong>and</strong> 416telecommunications <strong>and</strong> 473Volkswagen Touareg 71–72von Neumann, John 28, 167, 190,329, 432, 497–499, 498von Rospach, Chuq 331voting systems, electronic 175,175–176Voyager 2 449voyeurism 504VPL Research 271VPN (Virtual Private Network)494, 513VRAM (Video RAM) 214VRML (Virtual Reality ModelingLanguage) 496WWAIS (Wide Area InformationService) 248, 518Wales, Jimmy 500–501, 511Wall, Larry 365Wallace, Bob 427–428Wallace, Richard 84Walt Disney Imagineering 264Walter, Grey 59, 124WAN (wide area network) 133, 334Wang, An 341Wang Corporation 106, 516Warcraft 104warez 220war games 103War Games (film) 378Warnock, John 3, 379Warwick, Kevin 406Wasik, Bill 198watch 61waterfall model 443, 444Watson, Thomas, Sr. 5, 235Wave Table Synthesis 326WAV format 448Wayne, Ronald 18wearable computers 141, 496,501, 501wearIT@work 501Weaving the Web (Berners-Lee) 424Web. See World Wide WebWeb 2.0 110, 501–503, 502Web browser 503, 503–504. Seealso Micros<strong>of</strong>t Internet Explorer;Mosaic; Netscape Navigatoranti-phishing in 370Berners-Lee <strong>and</strong> 43in blogging 52bulletin boards <strong>and</strong> 62cache for 70in computer history 229cookie control in 116digital dashboard <strong>and</strong> 148disabled users <strong>of</strong> 152for file transfer 194history in, Ajax pages <strong>and</strong> 6in Internet growth 247, 248JavaScript in 256Micros<strong>of</strong>t Windowschallenged by 107multimedia <strong>and</strong> 322navigation in 234newsreaders in 333plug-ins for 374on smartphones 437threading in 324XML in 520Web cam 83, 492webcam 504–505Web crawler 141, 422webcrawler 241WebEx 87Web feed 375, 412–413Web filter 76, 77, 505, 523Web logs. See blogs <strong>and</strong> bloggingwebmaster 80, 505–506WebMD 367Web Ontology Language (OWL)20, 267, 351, 424Web page design 506–507Ajax for 5–6applets in 19–20cascading style sheets in 72DOM for 161for information display 240with JavaScript 256PHP for 372scripting in 422user interface in 489Web browser <strong>and</strong> 504webmaster <strong>and</strong> 506Web portal 350, 379, 422, 523Web server 507–508access from ISPs 252Berners-Lee <strong>and</strong> 43caching by 70for client-server computing89cookies from 116development <strong>of</strong> 107digital dashboard on 148queue in 396by Sun 461VBScript <strong>and</strong> 491webmaster <strong>and</strong> 505–506World Wide Web <strong>and</strong> 518Web services 508–509active server pages for 1broadb<strong>and</strong> connections<strong>and</strong> 58CGI for 80–81employment in 179JavaScript <strong>and</strong> 256–257in service-orientedarchitecture 426SOAP for 438Web Services Description Language(WSDL) 426Web sitesattacks on 127banner ads on 344for businesses 64content management <strong>of</strong>115–116for database hosting 342databases <strong>and</strong> 132disabled users <strong>of</strong> 152document model in 161for government agencies 172for help systems 225in information warfare 242for newspapers 259in <strong>of</strong>fice automation 342political activism <strong>and</strong> 377spo<strong>of</strong>ing 369–370for technical support 470for user documentation 159viruses from 111Web server <strong>and</strong> 507–508from Yahoo! 523WebTV 107WebVan 168Weinberger, Peter J. 33Weizenbaum, Joseph 26, 83, 442,509–510Weizmann Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>Science</strong> 317WELL, The 17, 62, 113, 314, 407,493–494Westin, Alan F. 383Westlaw 274What <strong>Computer</strong>s Can’t Do (Dreyfus)162What <strong>Computer</strong>s Still Can’t Do(Dreyfus) 162What Will Be (Dertouzos) 141Whetstone 43Whirlwind 104, 212whiteboard programs 217, 342, 492white box testing 394–395Whitman, Margaret (Meg) 165,166, 343, 515Whois 17Whole Earth Catalog (Br<strong>and</strong>) 407Wide Area Information Service(WAIS) 248, 518wide area network (WAN) 133, 334widgets 73Wiener, Norbert 124, 277, 510–511Wiesner, Jerome 313, 331, 511WiFi 53, 513. See also wirelesscomputingWii 205, 221wiki(s) 511–513accuracy <strong>of</strong> 259on Amazon.com 9as content managementsystems 116
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