Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology

Appendix III 551wider use of more powerful computers, and for his leadership ofresearch and development in these areas, all of which have hadprofound consequences both in the United States and throughoutthe world.”1988Robert H. Dennard, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center: “Forinvention of the basic one-transistor dynamic memory cell usedworldwide in virtually all modern computers.”David Packard, Hewlett-Packard Company: “For extraordinaryand unselfish leadership in both industry and government,particularly in widely diversified technological fields whichstrengthened the competitiveness and defense capabilities of theUnited States.”1989Jay W. Forrester, Massachusetts Institute of Technology andRobert R. Everett, The MITRE Corp.: “For their creative workin developing the technologies and applying computers to realtimeapplications. Their important contributions proved vital tonational and free world defense and opened a new era of worldbusiness.”1990John V. Atanasoff, Iowa State University (Ret.): “For hisinvention of the electronic digital computer and for contributionstoward the development of a technically trained U.S. workforce.”Jack St. Clair Kilby, Jack Kilby Co.: “For his invention and contributionsto the commercialization of the integrated circuitand the silicon thermal print-head; for his contributions to thedevelopment of the first computer using integrated circuits; andfor the invention of the hand-held calculator, and gate array.”John S. Mayo, AT&T Bell Laboratories: “For providing the technologicalfoundation for information-age communications, andfor overseeing the conversion of the national switched telephonenetwork from analog to a digital-based technology forvirtually all long-distance calls both nationwide and betweencontinents.”Gordon E. Moore, Intel Corp.: “For his seminal leadership inbringing American industry the two major postwar innovationsin microelectronics—large-scale integrated memory and themicroprocessor—that have fueled the information revolution.”1991C. Gordon Bell, Stardent Computers: “For his continuing intellectualand industrial achievements in the field of computerdesign; and for his leading role in establishing cost-effective,powerful computers which serve as a significant tool for engineering,science and industry.”John Cocke, International Business Machines Corp.: “For hisdevelopment and implementation of Reduced Instruction SetComputer (RISC) architecture that significantly increased thespeed and efficiency of computers, thereby enhancing U.S. technologicalcompetitiveness.”Grace Murray Hopper, U.S. Navy (Ret.)/Digital EquipmentCorp.: “For her pioneering accomplishments in the developmentof computer programming languages that simplified computertechnology and opened the door to a significantly largeruniverse of users.”1992William H. Gates III, Microsoft Corp.: “For his early vision ofuniversal computing at home and in the office; for his technicaland business management skills in creating a world-wide technologycompany; and for his contribution to the developmentof the personal computer industry.”1993Kenneth H. Olsen, Digital Equipment Corp.: “For his contributionsto the development and use of computer technology; andfor his entrepreneurial contribution to American business.”1994[No computer-related recipients]1995Edward R. McCracken, Silicon Graphics, Inc.: “For his groundbreakingwork in the areas of affordable 3D visual computingand super computing technologies; and for his technical andleadership skills in building Silicon Graphics, Inc., into a globaladvanced technology company.”IBM Team: Praveen Chaudhari, IBM TJ Watson Research Center;Jerome J. Cuomo, North Carolina State University (formerlywith IBM); and Richard J. Gambino, State University of NewYork at Stony Brook (formerly with IBM): “For the discoveryand development of a new class of materials—the amorphousmagnetic materials—that are the basis of erasable, read-write,optical storage technology, now the foundation of the worldwidemagnetic-optic disk industry.”1996James C. Morgan, Applied Materials, Inc.: “For his leadershipof 20 years developing the U.S. semiconductor manufacturingequipment industry, and for his vision in building Applied Materials,Inc. into the leading equipment company in the world,a major exporter and a global technology pioneer which helpsenable Information Age technologies for the benefit of society.”1997Vinton Gray Cerf, MCI, and Robert E. Kahn, Corporationfor National Research Initiatives: “For creating and sustainingdevelopment of Internet Protocols and continuing to provideleadership in the emerging industry of internetworking.”1998Kenneth L. Thompson, Bell Laboratories, and Dennis M.Ritchie, Lucent Technologies: “For their invention of UNIX®operating system and the C programming language, whichtogether have led to enormous growth of an entire industry,