Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology

Index 563Edelman, Leonard 316Edison, Thomas 403EDO (Extended Data Out) 301EDP (electronic data processing)341EDS (Electronic Data Systems)16, 293educational fraud 345Educational Research Laboratory99education and computers 169–171.See also computer-aidedinstruction (CAI)computer-aided instruction99in computer history 229computer literacy in 109in developing countries 143in digital divide 149employment and 179Logo for 284–285, 359long-distance 153, 153–154multimedia and 322Papert and 359PCs in 366robotics in 411Smalltalk for 434social impact of computingin 439Stoll on 458videoconferencing in 492webcams in 504–505webmaster skills in 506education in computer field 79–80,171–172, 179, 363, 514, 515EDVAC 167, 227, 498–499EEPROM (electrically erasableprogrammable read-onlymemory) 49, 436EFF (Electronic FrontierFoundation) 124–125, 150, 275,440, 445effectuators 178, 178EFT (electronic funds transfer) 39EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)213e-government 172–173EIDE (Enhanced IDE) 86, 223EIES (Electronic InformationExchange System) 114Eiffel 173–174eigenfaces 4880-core processor 305EISA (Extended ISA) bus 62eldercare robots 183electrical current, in hard drives222electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM)49, 436electricity, access to 143Electric Minds 407electromagnetic radiation, frommonitors 185Electronic Arts 174–175electronic calculators 70–71Electronic CommunicationsPrivacy Act (ECPA) 383electronic data processing (EDP)341Electronic Data Systems (EDS)16, 293Electronic Frontier Foundation(EFF) 124–125, 150, 275, 440,445electronic funds transfer (EFT) 39Electronic Information ExchangeSystem (EIES) 114electronic ink 382–383electronic library 166–167, 211, 260electronic mail. See e-mailelectronic music 325Electronic Music Studio 325Electronic Privacy InformationCenter (EPIC) 125, 440electronic voting systems 175,175–176element 23, 138, 520Elementary Perceiver andMemorizer (EPAM) 190eListening Post 326Eliza (chatterbot) 26, 83, 442,481, 509Ella (chatterbot) 83Ellis, Jim 333Ellison, Larry 356else statements 55EMACS 387Emacs 456e-mail 176–177, 177advertising in 344on ARPANET 247business use of 64in computing history 228data compression in 134encryption of 181filtering 451, 505fraud in 345in groupware 217in identity theft 238Internet and 518in Internet growth 247–248in journalism 259netiquette in 332netnews and 333in office automation 342persistence of 332personal informationmanagers and 368phishing with 369–370senior citizens’ use of424–425on smartphones 437spam in 451for technical support 470viruses spread by 100, 111wiretapping 273from Yahoo! 523e-mail filters 41embedded systems 177–178, 178Ada for 2in cars 71engineering of 102Forth for 202marketing of 107microprocessors in 305operating systems for 354PC market and 367real-time processing in 400in smart cards 435in ubiquitous computing 484in wearable computers 501Y2K and 522embedding, in documents 160emerging technologies. See trendsand emerging technologiesEmerson Electric 320emotion 56, 313Emotion Machine, The (Minsky)313employment in the computer field108, 171–172, 178–179, 439employment schemes 345emulation 179–180, 405, 476, 494Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) 214encapsulation 88, 88, 109, 129,180, 341Encore Computer 41encryption 180–181. See alsocryptographyfor authentication 32in banking systems 39censorship and 76in computer security 100for copy protection 117in data security 137Diffie and 145digital certificates and78–79under First Amendment 246of flash drives 198in networks 334of PDFs 364privacy and 383public key 32, 78–79, 79,145–146, 180–181, 181quantum computing and395supercomputers and 462of VoIP 497for voting systems 176in Web browsers 503on wireless networks 513encyclopedias, multimedia 322endless loop 286energy consumption, of computers215–216Energy Star 215–216Engaged 114Engelbart, Douglas 182, 233, 320Engelberger, Joseph 182–183engineering 110, 208engineering applications 75, 130Engineering Research Associates(ERA) 121Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)213Enhanced IDE (EIDE) 86, 223Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) 360ENIAC (Electronic NumericalIntegrator and Computer)in computing history226–227development of 525Eckert’s work on 167government funding of 212Mauchly’s work on 296patent dispute over 297in popular culture 378programming in 386user interface for 488von Neumann and 498Enigma cipher 180, 226, 481enterprise computing 183–184Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) 415entrepreneurs in computing 184,252entropy, in information theory 241enumerations and sets 67, 184–185environment, computers’ impact on215–216, 229Environment division 91EPAM (Elementary Perceiver andMemorizer) 190EPIC (Electronic PrivacyInformation Center) 125, 440Epinions.com 480epistemology 267, 369EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) 360EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) 214ERA (Engineering ResearchAssociates) 121ergonomics of computing 185–186,265, 318Ericsson Corporation 53eroticism, virtual 125ERP (Enterprise ResourcePlanning) 415error codes 187error correction 186, 186in data communication 133,427file transfer protocols and193, 194hashing in 224in information theory241–242mathematics in 295in modems 316in networks 334in programming environment388quantum computing and 395in RAID 398serial ports and 425in tape drives 467error handling 186–187, 373,408, 427eShop 343Estonia 242Estrada, Joseph 198Estridge, Phillip “Don” 236ETH (Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology) 362, 514Ethernet network 38, 283, 299ethnic diversity 179eToys 264E*Trade 348Eudora 428eUniverse 440Evans, David 463Evans and Sutherland 463even parity 186events, in Microsoft Windows 308Everquest (game) 104, 347evidence 102–103, 147evolution, in genetic algorithms207evolutionary biology 46evolutionary programming. Seegenetic algorithmsevolutionary software engineering444e-waste 216ex 261Excel (Microsoft) 160, 452–453,454expansion slots 62, 62expert systems 187–188, 188. Seealso DENDRAL; SHRDLUartificial intelligence in 27in automated programming33computer science in 110in decision support systems139for fault diagnosis 189Feigenbaum’s work with 190fuzzy logic in 204genetic algorithms in 208knowledge engineering in190knowledge representation in266, 267for medical field 300Prolog for 390risk and 409exponent 338exponential time 98expressions 354–355, 490. See alsoregular expressionext3 192extended ASCII characters 81extended Backus-Naur form(EBNF) 38Extended Binary-Coded DecimalInterchange Code (EBCDIC) 81Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)360Extended Data Out (EDO) 301extremism 377eye, biometric scanning of 48eyestrain 318