Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology

550 Appendix IIIsity of Manchester Mark I, the world’s first stored program computer”1999 Herbert Freeman: “For pioneering work on the firstcomputer built by the Sperry Corporation, the SPEEDAC, andfor subsequent contributions to the areas of computer graphicsand image processing”2000 Harold W. Lawson: “For inventing the pointer variableand introducing this concept into PL/I, thus providing for thefirst time, the capability to flexibly treat linked lists in a generalpurposehigh level language”2000 Gennady Stolyarov: “For pioneering development in‘Minsk’ series computers’ software, of the information systems’software and applications and for data processing and data basemanagement systems concepts dissemination and promotion”2000 Georgy Lopato: “For pioneering development in Belarusof the ‘Minsk’ series computers’ hardware, of the multicomputercomplexes and of the ‘RV’ family of mobile computers for heavyfield conditions”2001 Vernon Schatz: “For the development of ElectronicsFunds Transfer which made possible computer to computercommercial transactions via the banking system”2001 William H. Bridge: “For the marrying of computer andcommunications technology in the GE DATANET 30, puttingterminals on peoples’ desks to communicate with and timesharea computer, leading directly to the development of the personalcomputer, computer networking and the internet”2002 Per Brinch Hansen: “For pioneering development inoperating systems and concurrent programming, exemplified bywork on the RC4000 multiprogramming system, monitors, andConcurrent Pascal”2002 Robert W. Bemer: “For meeting the world’s needs forvariant character sets and other symbols via ASCII, ASCII-alternatesets, and escape sequences”2003 Martin Richards: “For pioneering system softwareportability through the programming language BCPL widelyinfluential and used in academia and industry for a variety ofprominent system software”2004 Frances (Fran) E. Allen: “For pioneering work establishingthe theory and practice of compiler optimization”2005 [No award given]2006 Arnold M. Spielberg: ”For recognition of contributionto real-time data acquisition and recording that significantlycontributed to the definition of modern feedback and controlprocesses”2006 Mamoru Hosaka: “For recognition of pioneering activitieswithin computing in Japan”National Medal of Technologyand INNOVATIONGiven by the President of the United States, the NationalMedal of Technology and Innovation is “the highest honorbestowed by the President of the United States to America’sleading innovators.”Computer-Related Recipients1985AT&T Bell Laboratories: “For contribution over decades tomodern communication systems.”Frederick P. Brooks, Jr., Erich Bloch, and Bob O. Evans, InternationalBusiness Machines Corp.: “For their contributions to thedevelopment of the hardware, architecture and systems engineeringassociated with the IBM System/360, a computer systemand technologies which revolutionized the data processingindustry and which helped to make the United States dominantin computer technology for many years.”Steven P. Jobs and Steven Wozniak, Apple Computer, Inc.: “Fortheir development and introduction of the personal computerwhich has sparked the birth of a new industry extending thepower of the computer to individual users.”John T. Parsons and Frank L. Stulen, John T. Parsons Company:“For their development and successful demonstration ofthe numerically-controlled machine tool for the production ofthree-dimensional shapes, which has been essential for the productionof commercial airliners and which is seminal for thegrowth of the robotics, CAD-CAM, and automated manufacturingindustries.”1986Bernard Gordon, Analogic Corp.: “Father of high-speed analogto-digitalconversion which has been applied to medical, analytical,computer and communications products; founder of twocompanies with over 2,000 employees and over $100 million inannual sales and creator of a new master’s level institute locatedin Massachusetts to teach engineering leadership and projectengineering to engineers.”Reynold B. Johnson, International Business Machines Corp.:“Introduction and development of magnetic disk storage forcomputers that provided access to virtually unlimited amountsof information in fractions of a second and is the basis for timesharing systems and storage of millions of records. Over $10 billionin annual sales and over 100,000 jobs arose from this development.”William C. Norris, Control Data Corp.: “Advancement of microelectronics and computer technology and creation of one of theFortune 500—Control Data Corporation—which has over $5billion in annual sales and over 50,000 employees.”1987Robert N. Noyce, Intel Corp.: “For his inventions in the fieldof semiconductor integrated circuits, for his leading role in theestablishment of the microprocessor which has led to much