Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN CYPRESS Leslie, C.A., Hackett, W.P., Bujazha, D., Hirbod, S. & McGranahan, G.H. (2005) Adventitious rooting and clonal plant production of hybrid walnut (Juglans) rootstock selections. Acta Hort. 705, 325–328. Moraldi, M., Danti, R. & Di Lonardo, V. (2004). Produzione di piante di cipresso per innesto. In Manuale tecnico – Produzione commerciale di piante di cipresso. CYPMED, (Ed.) Centro Promozione Pubblicità Firenze, pp. 16–20. Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497. Pozzana, M.C. (1991) Cypress: sign and design, from painting to landscape. In Panconesi, A. (Ed.) Il cipresso. Italian National Research Council (CNR), pp. 29–40. Quoirin, M. & Lepoivre, I. (1977) Etudes de milieux adaptes aux cultures in vitro de Prunus. Acta Hort. 78, 437–442. Raddi, P. & Panconesi, A. (1981) Cypress canker disease in Italy: biology, control, possibilities and genetic improvement for resistance. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 11, 340–347. Raddi, P., Intini, M., Torraca, G., Romagnoli, A. & Nembi, V. (2004) Produzione di piante di cipresso da moltiplicazione agamica. In Manuale tecnico – Produzione commerciale di piante di cipresso. CYPMED, (Ed.) Centro Promozione Pubblicità Firenze, pp. 5–11. Sallandrouze, A., Faurobert, M., El Maataoui, M. & Espagnac, H. (1999) Two dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins associated with somatic embryogenesis development in Cupressus sempervirens L. Electrophoresis 20, 1109–1119. Schenk, H. & Hildebrandt, A.C. (1972) Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can. J. Bot. 50, 199–204. Spanos, K.A., Pierre, A. & Woodward, S. (1997) Micropropagation of Cupressus sempervirens L. and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. MURR.) PAR. Silvae Genet. 46, 291–295. Teissier du Cros, E. (1999) Introduction. In Teissier du Cros, E. (Ed.) Cypress – A Pratical Handbook. Studio Leonardo Firenze, pp. 7–9. Teissier du Cros, E., Ferrandes, P., Hallard, F., Ducatillon, C. & Andreoli, C. (1991) Cypress genetic improvement in France: aims and results. In Panconesi, A. (Ed.) Il cipresso. Italian National Research Council (CNR), pp. 121–127. von Arnold, S. & Eriksson, T. (1981) In vitro studies of adventitious shoot formation in Pinus contorta. Can. J. Bot. 59, 870–874. Xenopoulos, S. (1990) Screening for resistance to cypress canker disease (Seiridium cardinale) in several Greek provenances of Cupressus sempervirens. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 20, 140–147. 105
CHAPTER 10 IN VITRO SHOOT DEVELOPMENT OF TAXUS WALLICHIANA ZUCC., A VALUABLE MEDICINAL PLANT D.T. NHUT, N.T.T. HIEN, N.T. DON AND D.V. KHIEM Da Lat Institute of Biology; 116 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Da Lat, Lam Dong, Viet Nam; E-mail: duongtannhut@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION About 10 genus of Taxus spp. are now disposing in temperate zones at the Northern Hemisphere of which the most popular are Taxus brevifolia Nutt., Taxus baccata L., Taxus wallichiana Zucc. and Taxus cuspidata Siels et Zucc. For the last three decades, Taxus spp. has been concerned after Wani and his colleagues (Triangle Research Institute, NC, USA) discovered a novel anticancer diterpene amide – named “taxol” (paclitaxel) – from the bark of Pacific yew (Taxus baccata) extract (Wani et al., 1971; Edgington, 1991). This compound was approved to have clinical treatment of ovarian and breast cancer by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, taxol also has a significant activity in the treatment of malignant melanoma, lung cancer, and other solid tumors (Wickremesinhe & Arteca, 1993, 1994). Taxol has also been successfully isolated from other species of the genus Taxus and from different parts of the plant, including pollen, seed, needles, young stems, woody stems, wood, bark and roots (Wani et al., 1971; Vidensek et al., 1990; Witherup et al., 1990; Fett-Neto et al., 1992; Wickremesinhe & Arteca, 1994). The supply of taxol for clinical use is still limited and depends on extraction from the yew plant, as its bark and needle are the main commercial source. Based on the current bark-extraction procedures, nearly 7,000 kg of bark is needed to produce 1 kg of taxol (Cragg et al., 1993). In addition, Taxus species grow very slowly and their seed dormancy is up to 1.5 to 2 years (Steinfeld, 1992). It is very obvious that investigation for alternative sources for the cancer chemotherapeutic agent taxol is urgently needed. Tissue culture of Taxus sp. is being considered as a very promising approach towards providing a long-term source of this valuable compound. 107 S.M. Jain and H. Häggman (eds.), Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits, 107–116. © 2007 Springer.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
Page 76 and 77: PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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Page 88 and 89: PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
Page 90 and 91: PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
Page 92 and 93: 86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
Page 142 and 143: PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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Page 152 and 153: ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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Page 156 and 157: CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
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242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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244 of donor individuals and/or by
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246 J. MALÀ ET AL. Karnosky, D.F.,
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CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
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CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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