Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth regulators (PGR) on culture of mature embryos from seeds of Pinus armandii var. amamiana. PGR µM No. of responded embryos/No. of embryos (%) Adventitious Green Cotyledon buds callus development BAP 2 NAA 0.1 2/20 (10) 4/20 (20) 6/20 (30) BAP 10 NAA 0.1 0/20 (0) 14/20 (70) 2/20 (10) BAP 0.4 6/10 (60) 2/10 (20) 0/10 (0) BAP 2 4/10 (40) 4/10 (40) 0/10 (0) BAP 10 0/10 (0) 6/10 (60) 0/10 (0) Ten to twenty mature embryos were used for each treatment. medium, differentiation of embryos progressed and cotyledonary embryos were obtained (Figure 2B). Transplanting of somatic embryos further to ammonium free MS solidified medium for 3 weeks was necessary for developing plantlets with roots and green cotyledons. Plantlets transplanted to vermiculite in 200 ml culture flasks survived (Figure 2C). Embryogenic cells were also induced from mature seeds of Pinus armandii var. amamiana on 1/2 EM medium (Maruyama et al., 2000) containing 10 µM 2,4-D and 5 µM BAP. The supplement of L-glutamine into media enhanced embryo maturation and prevented somatic embryos from browning (Hosoi & Ishii, 2001). Forty seven regenerated plantlets showed normal growth in the greenhouse (Figure 2D). For ex situ conservation of endangered Pinus armandii var. amamiana, in vitro culture methods will help propagate rootstocks for grafting or seedlings from seed orchard (Ishii et al., 2005). In vitro culture itself might be used as the ex situ conservation method. Table 4. Effects of combination of 2,4-D and BAP on induction rate of somatic embryo forming cells from immature embryos of Pinus armandii var. amamiana. BAP (µM) 0 1 3 K. ISHII ET AL. 2,4-D (µM) 0.3 1 3 10 *0/20 (0) 2/18 (11.1) 2/18 (11.1) 2/14 (14.3) 2/18 (11.1) 2/19 (10.5) 2/19 (10.5) 1/13 (7.7) 3/17 (17.6) 2/19 (10.5) 4/19 (21.1) 1/12 (8.3) Twelve to twenty immature embryos were used for each treatment. * No. of embryos inducing somatic embryos/No. of embryos (%)
MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS ARMANDII VAR. AMAMIANA Figure 2. Micropropagation of Pinus armandii var. amamiana by somatic embryogenesis. A) Suspension culture of somatic embryogenic cells of Pinus armandii var. amamiana. B) Maturation of somatic embryo of Pinus armandii var. amamiana. C) Regenerated plantlet of Pinus armandii var. amamiana from somatic embryo. D) Habituated plantlets of Pinus armandii var. amamiana from somatic embryos. 4. REFERENCES Abo El-Nil, M.M. & Milton, W. (1982) Method for asexual reproduction of coniferous trees. United States Patent No. 4353186. Akiba, M. & Nakamura, K. (2005) Susceptibility of adult trees of the endangered species Pinus armandii var. amamiana to pine wilt disease in the field. J. For. Res. 10, 3–7. Environmental Agency of Japan (2000) Threatened wildlife of Japan, Red Data Book 2nd edition, vol. 8. Vascular Plants 8:660. 49
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
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242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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244 of donor individuals and/or by
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246 J. MALÀ ET AL. Karnosky, D.F.,
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CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
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CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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