Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and Cabernet sauvignon) as reported by Pathirana and McKenzie (2005) or any cultivated variety and any rootstock of choice. 2.1.2. Disinfection of Plant Material and Culture Initiation Surface sterilization of rootstock cuttings and scion cuttings is carried out for 30s in 70% ethyl alcohol followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite solution containing 0.2% Tween 80 for 20 min with shaking, on a rotary shaker, 50 rpm (Pathirana & McKenzie, 2005). Surface sterilization can also be done by thoroughly washing cuttings with soap and water and subsequently immersing in 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 min followed by rinsing (4–5 times) with sterile tap water (Mhatre et al., 2000). The surface sterilized shoots are then cut into single node pieces and cultured on defined media (Figure 1A). To achieve sufficient multiplication, the shoots can be split into half lengthwise at the node and cultured horizontally with the cut surface in contact with the medium and the bud facing upwards (Pathirana & McKenzie, 2005). For micrografting, shoots from the second subculture are used. 2.2. Serial Multiplication of Plant Material 2.2.1. Culture Media The composition of culture media for micropropagation of grapevine has been described in Table 1. Protocols for efficient in vitro multiplication in cultivated varieties of grapes are available (Mhatre et al., 2000; Mezzetti et al., 2002; Pathirana & McKenzie, 2005) which can be implemented perhaps with minor variation to suit each variety, for mass propagation of rootstock or scion prior to micrografting. Mhatre et al. (2000) have described a step wise protocol for the efficient and cyclic recovery of shoots of V. vinifera cvs. Thompson, Sonaka and Tas-e-Ganesh. They have defined specific media that can be used at four distinct stages in the recovery of complete plants using nodal culture namely, initiation, multiplication, shoot elongation and rooting (Table 1b,c,d,e). Pathirana and McKenzie (2005) have described a medium for cvs. Cabernet franc and C. sauvignon containing BAP alone to multiply shoots with roots or BAP and IAA which supports shoot multiplication as well as rooting (Table 1a). 2.2.2. Culture Procedure Stem segments containing a single node should be cultured per culture vessel and allowed to grow (Figure 1A). In a span of 3 to 4 weeks on initiation medium (Table 1b) three shoots can be produced (Mhatre et al., 2000). One of the shoots can be rooted on rooting medium (Table 1e) and the other two can be subcultured on multiplication medium (Table 1c) for further proliferation (Figure 1B). Periodically, explants from this can be subcultured or rooted (Figure 1C,D) as per requirement leading to a cyclic and abundant supply of shoots or plantlets (Mhatre et al., 2000).
252 M. MHATRE AND V.A. BAPAT Figure 1. Micropropagation of grapevine cv. Anab-e-Shahi via nodal culture. A) Cultured axillary bud, B) Axillary bud producing multiple shoots, C) Rooting of shoot in liquid rooting medium, D) Acclimatized plant in polybag, E) Tissue culture derived potted plants.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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Page 208 and 209: 206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
Page 210 and 211: 208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
Page 212 and 213: 210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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Page 224 and 225: 2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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Page 242 and 243: 242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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Page 252 and 253: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
Page 254 and 255: 2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
Page 256 and 257: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
Page 258 and 259: CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
Page 260 and 261: MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
Page 266 and 267: CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
Page 268 and 269: APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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Page 274 and 275: 2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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Page 278 and 279: CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
Page 280 and 281: IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
Page 288 and 289: CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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