Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILIS 235 These protocols are suitable for vegetative propagation, cryopreservation and secondary metabolism studies. Ex situ storage procedures are now available for the medium- to long-term conservation of C. fissilis. They offer new opportunities for the conservation, sustainable management and utilization of this valuable fast growing timber tree. Acknowledgments. The authors acknowledge the support of the International Foundation for Science (Sweden, grants D/1265-1, D/1265-2 and D/1265-3 to AMV), The British Council (UK), Capes (Ministry of Education, Brazil) and CNPq (National Research Council, Brazil). 4. REFERENCES Alonzo, G., Saiano, F., Tusa, N. & Bosco, S.F. (2001) Analysis of volatile compounds released from embryogenic cultures and somatic embryos of sweet oranges by head space SPME. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 66, 31–34. Carvalho, P.E.R. (1994) Espécies Florestais Brasileiras. Recomendações Silviculturais, Potencialidades e Uso da Madeira. Brasília: Embrapa-CNPF/SPI. Cerdas, L.V., Dufour, M. & Villalobos V. (1998) In vitro organogenesis in Albizia guachapele, Cedrela odorata and Swietenia macrophylla (Fabaceae, Meliaceae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 46, 225–228. Haines, R. (1994) Biotechnology in forest tree improvement. FAO Forestry Paper 118. Lago, J.H., Ávila, P.A.J., Aquino, E.M., Moreno, P.R.H., Ohara, M.T. & Limberger R.P. (2004) Volatile oils from leaves and stem barks of Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae): chemical compositions and antibacterial activities. Flavour Frag. J. 19, 448–451. Lee, S.K. & Rao, N.A. (1988) Plantlet production of Swietenia macrophylla King through tisssue culture. Gard. Bull. Sing. 41, 11–18. Maruyama, E. & Ishii, K. (1999) Somaticembryogenesis in big-leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). In Jain, S.M., Gupta, P.K. & Newton, R.J. (Eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol 5 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht pp. 45–62. Maruyama, E., Ishii, K., Saito, A. & Migita, K. (1989) Micropropagation of cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) by shoot-tip culture. J. Jpn. Forest. Soc. 71, 329–331. Maruyama, E., Kinoshita, I., Ishii, K. & Ohba, K. (1997a) Germplasm conservation of the tropical forest trees Cedrela odorata L., Guazuma crinita Mart. and Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don. by shoot tip encapsulation in calcium-alginate and storage at 12–25°C. Plant Cell Rep. 16, 393–396. Maruyama, E., Kinoshita, I., Ishii, K., Shinegaga, H., Ohba, K. & Saito, A. (1997b) Alginateencapsulated technology for the propagation of the tropical forest trees: Cedrela odorata L., Guazuma crinita Mart. and Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don. Silvae Genet. 46, 17–23. Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497. Nunes, E.C., Castilho, C.V., Moreno, F.N. & Viana, A.M. (2002) In vitro culture of Cedrela fissilis Vellozo (Meliaceae). Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 70, 259–268. Nunes, E.C., Benson, E.E., Oltramari, A.C., Araujo, P.S., Moser, J.R. & Viana, A.M. (2003) In vitro conservation of Cedrela fissilis Vellozo (Meliaceae), a native tree of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biodivers. and Conserv. J. 12, 837–848. Reitz, R., Klein, R.M. & Reis, A. (1979) Madeiras do Brasil. Florianópolis: Editora Lunardelli. Viana, A.M., Mazza, M.C. & Mantell, S.H. (1999) Applications of biotechnology for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of plants from Brazilian rain forests. In: Benson, E.E. (Ed) Plant Conservation Biotechnology, Taylor & Francis, London pp. 277–299.
CHAPTER 22 MICROPROPAGATION OF MATURE TREES OF ULMUS GLABRA, ULMUS MINOR AND ULMUS LAEVIS J. MALÁ 1 , M. CVIKROVÁ 2 AND V. CHALUPA 1 1 Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, CZ-15604 Praha 5, Zbraslav-Strnady, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 135, CZ-16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic 1. INTRODUCTION About 40 species of elms (Ulmus spp.) occur throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Elm trees are highly valued for their cold tolerance, their landscape value as well as for their timber. Unfortunately, in recent decades the fungal vascular wilt disease caused by the vascular wilt fungus Ophiostoma ulmi and more recently by highly aggressive O. novo-ulmi (Et-Touil et al., 1999), has devastated the elm populations of Europe, North America and central Asia. This has lead, in both Europe and North America, to the beginning of breeding programmes in an attempt to produce resistant individuals. However, production of disease resistant elm trees via conventional breeding has met with limited success owing to the long time scales involved in breeding programmes and difficulties in obtaining locally climatically adapted trees. Some resistant material has recently been released in North America and the Netherlands for trial plantings (Gartland et al., 2001). The attention is now being focused on biotechnology with the goal of genetic improvement through the transfer of foreign genes into the genome of elm cells (Fenning et al., 1996). However, this strategy can only be initiated after the establishment of efficient protocols for plant regeneration from cells and tissues of elm trees. Various micropropagation systems have been reported for a range of elm species and hybrids (Chalupa, 1994; Gartland et al., 2000; Mala, 2000; Biroscikova et al., 2004). Protocols of this type have been already developed from differentiated explants (Fenning et al., 1993), from callus and suspension cultures (Karnosky et al., 1982).Another way that could play an important role in current elm improvement 237 S.M. Jain and H. Häggman (eds.), Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits, 237–246. © 2007 Springer.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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