Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effect of in vitro and ex vitro derived shoot and stem explants on axillary shoot length (cm) and on percentages of explants with shoots. Medium Explants Axillary shoot length (cm) Explants with shoots (%) Note C10 Stem e 3.00 ± 0.15 100 Green needles C11 Stem e 6.25 ± 1.25 85.7 Green needles C10 Stem i 1.93 ± 0.92 52.9 Green needles C11 Stem i 2.29 ± 1.04 56.3 Green needles, 15.6% C10 Shoot e 4.24 ± 1.69 * 2.21 ± 1.59 explants had 2 shoots 100 36.8% had axillary shoot and 52.6% explants showed yellowish needles C11 Shoot e 3.92 ± 2.06 * 85.7 The longest shoot were 9.5 3.75 ± 2.25 cm. 28.6% had yellowish needles, followed by the growth of axillary shoots C10 Shoot i 0 0 No growth observed. Needles were browning and died C11 Shoot i 0 0 No growth observed. Needles were browning and died Stem and shoot e: ex vitro-derived stem (newly-sterilized stem and shoot). Stem and shoot i: in vitro stem and shoot. * shoots tip length. After 12 weeks of culture, the number of explants that induced adventitious buds was increased on both AB1 and AB4 media. On AB1 medium, 80.7% of explants were able to produce adventitious buds (Figure 5). Among them, 17.4% of explants formed two buds and 1.8%, 0.9%, and 0.9% of explants formed three, four, and six buds, respectively. On AB4 medium, 41.9% of explants induced adventitious buds. 54.2% of explants forming calli. According to Ahuja (1985), when activated charcoal was used, shoot elongation and leaf size of Eucalyptus citriodora increased but the number of shoots decreased. Webb et al. (1988) found that shoot elongation was promoted by charcoal but this substance inhibited shoot induction when it was included with BA. The T. wallichiana explants could be induced on both AB1 and AB4 medium. However, on AB1 medium the explants induced more than one bud per explant, but the shoots were shorter than those ones on the AB4 medium. 2.6. Root Induction Select and excise shoots (1.5–2.0 cm long) for root induction and place them on culture media supplemented with various auxins (Table 4). After 10 weeks of culture, all explants placed on R1, R2, and R3 media showed vigorous growth, green needles, and no callus formation was observed at their cut
IN VITRO SHOOT DEVELOPMENT OF TAXUS WALLICHIANA ZUCC. Figure 5. In vitro propagation T. wallichiana. (A) Shoots regenerated on culture medium containing 1 mg.l–1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). (B1) Shoot elongation on culture medium containing 1 mg.l –1 IAA. (B 2). T. wallichiana plantlet. (C 1, C 2) Bud induction on culture medium supplemented with 1 mg.l –1 6-benzyladenine (BA). ends. Similarly, shoot elongation can be observed in almost all explants placed on R10, R11, and R12 media. The explants formed one to two roots per explant on R7 and R13 medium, respectively. Auxin IBA was more effective than NAA and IAA in promoting root induction. Although auxin promotes lateral and adventitious root development, our results showed the significant difference, as a special characteristic of Taxus wallichiana. 3. CONCLUSION 115 This chapter describes the procedure for in vitro shoot development and bud induction of Taxus wallichiana Zucc., an endangered, recalcitrant and valuable medicinal plant. The fact that shoot induction and elongation and root regeneration could be achieved has opened up the novel possibility for T. wallichiana large-scale cell
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
Page 76 and 77: PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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Page 88 and 89: PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
Page 90 and 91: PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
Page 92 and 93: 86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
Page 100 and 101: 2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
Page 102 and 103: MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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Page 116 and 117: 112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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Page 122 and 123: 118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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Page 126 and 127: 122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
Page 128 and 129: CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
Page 130 and 131: MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
Page 142 and 143: PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
Page 150 and 151: CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
Page 152 and 153: ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
Page 154 and 155: ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
Page 156 and 157: CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
Page 158 and 159: MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
Page 166 and 167: CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
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242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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244 of donor individuals and/or by
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246 J. MALÀ ET AL. Karnosky, D.F.,
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CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
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CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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