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Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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540<br />

D.T. NHUT ET AL.<br />

The response <strong>of</strong> plantlets cultured under different blue to red LED ratio <strong>and</strong><br />

LED irradiation levels is considered <strong>for</strong> commercial application. The response<br />

depended on the plant species <strong>and</strong> to clarify the optimum blue to red LED ratio <strong>and</strong><br />

LED irradiation level <strong>for</strong> plantlet growth is the most important finding. This work is<br />

the key to evaluating in details the dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the blue to red LED ratio.<br />

Results <strong>of</strong> each specific investigation would indicate the optimal in vitro physiological<br />

responses <strong>of</strong> the in vitro banana plantlets <strong>and</strong> the responses after acclimatization.<br />

From the results <strong>and</strong> a lot <strong>of</strong> attractive feature <strong>of</strong> LEDs, it is reasonable to<br />

expect that the total LED irradiation system will be a major light source <strong>for</strong> a wide<br />

range <strong>of</strong> micropropagation systems in the future with further improvement to be<br />

made.<br />

4. REFERENCES<br />

Bula, R.J., Morrow, T.W., Tibbitts, T.W., Barta, D.J., Ignatius, R.W. & Martin, T.S. (1991) Lightemitting<br />

diodes as a radiation source <strong>for</strong> plants. HortSci. 26, 203–205.<br />

Eels, J.T., Henry, M.M., Summerfelt, P., Wong-Riley, M.T.T., Buchmann, E.V., Kane, M., Whelan,<br />

N.T. & Whelan, H.T. (2003) Therapeutic photobiomodulation <strong>for</strong> methanol-induced retinal toxicity.<br />

PNAS 100, 3439–3444.<br />

Hoenecke, M.E., Bula, R.J. & Tibbitts, T.W. (1992) Importance <strong>of</strong> “blue” photon levels <strong>for</strong> lettuce<br />

seedlings grow under red light-emitting diodes. HortSci. 27, 427–430.<br />

Lee, C.G. & Palsson, B.O. (1994) High-density algal photobioreactors using light-emitting diodes.<br />

Biotech. Bioeng. 44, 1161–1167.<br />

Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium <strong>for</strong> rapid growth <strong>and</strong> bioassays with tobacco tissue<br />

cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497.<br />

Nhut, D.T. (2002) In vitro growth <strong>and</strong> physiological aspects <strong>of</strong> some horticultural plantlets cultured under<br />

red <strong>and</strong> blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). PhD Thesis, Kagawa Univ., Japan.<br />

Nhut, D.T. (2005) Light-emitting diodes (LEDs): an artificial flexible lighting source <strong>for</strong> biological<br />

studies. 1st Intl. Dev. Med. Eng., Viet Nam, pp. 109–113.<br />

Nhut, D.T., Hong, L.T.A., Watanabe, H., Goi, M. & Tanaka, M. (2001) In vitro growth <strong>of</strong> banana<br />

plantlets cultured under red <strong>and</strong> blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) irradiation source. Acta Hort. 575,<br />

117–124.<br />

Nhut, D.T., Takamura, T., Watanabe, H. & Tanaka, M. (2003) Efficiency <strong>of</strong> a novel culture system by<br />

using light-emitting diode (LED) on in vitro <strong>and</strong> subsequent <strong>of</strong> micropropagated banana. Acta Hort.<br />

616, 121–128.<br />

Nhut, D.T., Thuy, D.T.T., Luan, V.Q., Don, N.T., Khiem, D.V., Tran Thanh Van, K. (2005)<br />

<strong>Micropropagation</strong> <strong>of</strong> Paphiopedilum delenatii via stem node culture. Viet Nam-Korea Intl. Sym. 2005<br />

Bio-Tech. & Bio-Sys. Eng., Nong Lam Univ., Viet Nam, pp. 184–189.<br />

Nhut, D.T., Thuy, D.T.T., Don, N.T., Luan, V.Q., Hai, N.T., Tran Thanh Van, K. & Chinnappa, C.C.<br />

(2007) In vitro stem elongation <strong>of</strong> Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin <strong>and</strong> shoot regeneration via<br />

stem node culture. Prop. Orn. Plants 7 (1), 29–36.<br />

Okamoto, K., Yanagi, T., Takita, S., Tanaka, M., Higuchi, T., Ushida, Y. & Watanabe, T. (1996)<br />

Development <strong>of</strong> plant growth apparatus using blue <strong>and</strong> red LED as artificial light source. Acta Hort.<br />

440, 111–116.<br />

Robin, C., Hay, M.J.M. & Newton, P.C.D. (1994a) Effect <strong>of</strong> light quality (red:far-red ratio) <strong>and</strong><br />

defoliation treatments applied at a single phytomer on axillary bud outgrowth in Trifolium repens L.<br />

Oecol. 100, 236–242.<br />

Robin, C., Hay, M.J.M., Newton, P.C.D. & Greer, D.H. (1994b) Effect <strong>of</strong> light quality (red:far-red ratio)<br />

at the apical bud <strong>of</strong> the main stolon on morphogenesis <strong>of</strong> Trifolium repens L. Ann. Bot. 72, 119–123.<br />

Robinson, J.C. (1996) Banana <strong>and</strong> plantains. CAB Intl., Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 104–127.<br />

Schmidt, M.H., Meyer, G.A., Reichert, K.W., Cheng, J., Krouwer, H.G., Ozker, K. & Whelan, H.T.<br />

(2004) Evaluation <strong>of</strong> photodynamic therapy near functional brain tissue in patients with recurrent brain<br />

tumours. J. Neuro-Oncol. 67, 201–207.

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