Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 497 Harris, R.A. & Mantell, S.H. (1991) Effects of Stage II durations on the multiplication rate and rooting capacity of micropropagated shoots of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). J. Horticult. Sci. 66, 95–102. Hosoki, T., Ando, M., Kubara, T., Hamada, M. & Itami, M. (1989) In vitro propagation of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by a longitudinal shoot-split method. Plant Cell Rep. 8, 243–246. Li, Y., Wu, D., Pan, S., Xu, S., Wei, Z., Xu, Z. & Li, X. (1984) In vitro propagation of Paeonia suffruticosa. Kexue Tongbao 29, 1675–1678. Liau, D.G. & Boll, W.G. (1970) Callus and cell suspension cultures of bush bean, Phaseolus Vulgarius. Car. J. Bot. 48, 1119–1130. Linsmaier, E.M & Skoog, F. (1965) Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissues. Physiol. Plant. 18, 100–127. Lloyd, G. & McCown, B. (1980) Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalima latifolia, by use of shoot tip culture. Proc. Int. Plant Prop. Soc. 30, 421–427. Meyer, M.M. (1976a) Culture of Paeonia embryos by in vitro techniques. Am. Peony Soc. Bull. 217, 32–35. Meyer, M.M. (1976b) Culture of Paeonia callus by tissue culture techniques. Am. Peony Soc. Bull. 218, 27–29. Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497. Rogers, A. (1995) Peonies. Rogers A (Ed.), Timber Press, Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp. 91–105. Schenk, R.V. & Hildebeardt, A.C. (1972) Medium and techniques for the induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Car. J. Bot. 50, 199–204. Wang, H. & van Staden, J. (2001) Establishment of in vitro cultures of tree peonies. South African J. Bot. 67, 358–361. Yamamoto, H. (1988) Paeonia spp.: in vitro culture and the production of paeoniflorin. In Bajaj, Y.P.S. (Ed), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. I. Springer, Berlin; pp. 464–483. Yulong, L., Deyu, W., Shulong, P., Shaoli, X., Zhiming, W., Zihong, X. & Xiaojuan, L. (1984) In vitro propagation of Paeonia suffruticosa. Kexue Tongbao, 29, 1675–1678. Zenkteler, M., Misiura, E. & Ponitka, A. (1975) Induction of androgenetic embryiods in the in vitro cultured anthers of several species. Experientia 31, 289–291.
CHAPTER 45 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINEAPPLE, ANANAS COMOSUS (L.) MERR. M. MHATRE Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India. E-mail: mmhatre@barc.gov.in 1. INTRODUCTION Pineapple, Ananas comosus L. Merr., (2n = 50), is a perennial tropical monocot herb of Bromeliaceae and is one of the commercially important tropical fruits constituting a major export item for some countries (Duval et al., 2001). It is closely related to the monotypic genus Pseudoananas, both having the characteristic syncarpous fruit but is distinguished from it by the presence of the terminal crown of reduced leaves (Pickergill, 1976). Pineapple is best suited to a mild tropical climate, with temperatures between 16 and 32°C and cannot withstand temperatures below 0°C. South Africa, Thailand, Phillipines, India, Mexico, Costa Rica, Nigeria, Kenya, Indonesia, Brazil, China and Hawaii in the US are the major producers of pineapple in the world. The plant is 90–100 cm in height with 70–80 leaves forming a dense rosette attached to a short, thick stem (Rangan, 1984). The pineapple fruit is a good source of vitamins A, B and C besides several minerals. Manganese, found abundantly in pineapple fruits can prevent osteoporosis. Another unusual aspect of pineapple’s chemistry is that, it has no starch reserves of its own (unlike other fruits). This means that the sugar content that makes up 15% of the fruit must be accumulated before it is harvested – otherwise, it does not have the resources to sweeten any further. Therefore it has to be picked when it is already ripe unlike a banana or a peach, which ripen after they are picked (Beauman, 2005). Interestingly, all parts of the plant are significantly useful. The fruit is used for canning and in the preparation of juice, jam, jelly and crystallized glaze fruit. Alcohol, calcium nitrate, citric acid and vinegar are other products for which pineapple juice is used. The leaves, stem and fruits of the pineapple plant contain bromelain which is a mixture of industrially important proteolytic enzymes. Biopolymers derived 499 S.M. Jain and H. Häggman (eds.), Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits, 499–508. © 2007 Springer.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
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242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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244 of donor individuals and/or by
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246 J. MALÀ ET AL. Karnosky, D.F.,
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CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
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CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 549
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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