Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILIS 227 2.2.4. Post-storage Recovery 1. After 3, 6 and 9 months of storage transfer the alginate-encapsulated explants to recovery medium consisting of MS medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) sucrose, 0.2% (w/v) Phytagel and 2.5 µM BA. 2. Evaluate shoot regeneration after 14 days incubation in the recovery medium. 3. Transfer the microshoots to MS medium containing 2% (w/v) sucrose, 0.2% (w/v) Phytagel and 2.5 µM IBA (microshoots from cotyledonary nodes) and 5.0 µM IBA (microshoots from encapsulated shoot tips). 4. After 45 days the microplants are ready for acclimatization. Nunes et al. (2003) observed high regeneration rates (90–100%) for propagules exposed to all treatments. They survive storage at 25°C for 3 months, however, after 6 months storage, survival of encapsulated shoot tips on 0.4% (w/v) agar decreases to 40–44%. This value is significantly greater than those obtained for cotyledonary nodes, at all agar concentrations tested, and when compared to shoot tips on 1% (w/v) agar. After 9 months storage the viability of the explants declines drastically (6–8%). Plants regenerated from encapsulated cotyledonary nodes and apical shoot tips did not show morphological variation after 15 days in the recovery medium (Figure 1E, F). Maximum rooting (58%) occurs in plantlets derived from encapsulated cotyledonary nodes, in 2.5 µM IBA, and from shoot tips, in 5.0 µM IBA. Vegetative propagules for synthetic seed production and germplasm storage at above freezing temperatures have been reported in Cedrela odorata, Guazuma crinita and Jacaranda mimosaefolia (Maruyama et al., 1997a). 2.3. Callus Induction The culture media for different protocols of callus induction are shown in Table 2. 2.3.1. Callus Induction from Cotyledonary Nodes and Shoot Tips 1. Inoculate either cotyledonary node cuttings or epicotyl node cuttings (0.8–1.0 cm long) obtained from 30-day-old aseptically grown seedlings on MS medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) sucrose, 0.2% (w/v) Phytagel and combinations of 2.5 µM BA and 5µM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Place explants horizontally into the medium. 2. Incubate cultures at 25°C in either light (under 16-h photoperiod and photon flux of 20–25 µmol⋅ m –2 ⋅s –1 at culture level, supplied by fluorescent light tubes) or in the dark. 3. After 8 weeks evaluate the callus fresh and dry mass. For both cotyledonary and epicotyl node explants, high callus fresh weight (ca. 1.3 g, for cotyledonary nodes and 0.7–0.9 g, for epicotyl nodes) is obtained on the culture medium containing 2.5 µM BA and 2.5 or 5 µM NAA (Nunes et al., 2002). When BA and NAA are used separately, the fresh weight of calli is decreased. Differences in dry weight are detected when cotyledonary node-derived calli grow in
228 E.C. NUNES ET AL. the light (ca. 60 mg) or in the dark (50 mg), however no differences are observed in the fresh weight. Depending on the treatment the calli were either friable or showed globular structures and/or rhizogenesis (Figure 2A,B). Figure 1. Shoot cultures of Cedrela fissilis derived from cotyledonary node cuttings. A) Callus and new buds are formed at the base of both axillary buds after 45 days and B) shoot proliferation at 90 days. C) A rooted shoot on MS medium 15 days after transfer. D) Acclimatized plants after 90 days. E) Shoot development from alginate encapsulated shoot tips and F) cotyledonary nodes after 15 days on the recovery medium.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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Page 178 and 179: DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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Page 182 and 183: CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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Page 188 and 189: Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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Page 204 and 205: 202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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Page 210 and 211: 208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
Page 212 and 213: 210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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Page 240 and 241: 240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
Page 242 and 243: 242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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Page 248 and 249: CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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Page 252 and 253: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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Page 256 and 257: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
Page 258 and 259: CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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Page 266 and 267: CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
Page 268 and 269: APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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