Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H. (1993) Date Palm Products. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 101, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. www.fao.org/docrep/t0681e/t0681e00.htm Bekheet, S.A., Taha, H.S. & Saker, M.M. (2001) Factors affecting in vitro multiplication of date palm. Biol. Plant. 44, 431–433. Bekheet, S.A., Taha, H.S., Saker, M.M. & Moursy, H.A. (2002) A synthetic seed system of date palm through somatic embryogenesis encapsulation. Annals Agric. Sci. 47, 325–337. Ben Abdallah, A. & Lepoivre, P. (2000) Production of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit and diploid embryos following gibberellic acid treatment of unpollinated female inflorescences. Cahiers Agricultures 9, 467–473. Benbadis, A.K. (1992) Coconut and date palm. In: Hammerschlag, F.A. & Litz, R.E. (Eds), pp. 383–400, Biotechnology of Perennial Fruit Crops. CAB International, Wallingford. Bhaskaran, S.H. & Smith, R.H. (1992) Somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip and immature inflorescence of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee. Plant Cell Rep. 12, 22–25. El Hadrami, A., El Idrissi-Tourane, A., El Hassni, M., Daayf, F. & El Hadrami, I. (2005) Toxin-based invitro selection and its potential application to date palm for resistance to the bayoud Fusarium wilt. C. R. Biol. 328, 732–744. FAOSTAT (2006) Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database. www.apps.fao.org Fki, L., Masmoudi, R., Drira, N. & Rival, A. (2003) An optimized protocol for plant regeneration from embryogenic suspension cultures of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Deglet Nour. Plant Cell Rep. 21, 517–524. Jain, S. (2005) Major mutation-assisted plant breeding programs supported by FAO/IAEA. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 82, 113–123. Kunert, K.J., Baaziz, M. & Cullis, C.A. (2003) Techniques for determination of true-to-type date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants: a literature review. Emirates J. Agri. Sci. 15, 1–16. Mater, A.A. (1987) Production and cryogenic freezing of date palm germplasm and regeneration of plantlets from frozen material. Iraqi J. Agr. Sci. 5, 35–49. Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497. Mycock, D.J., Berjak, P., Pammenter, N.W., Vertucci, C.W., Ellis, R.H., Black, M., Murdoch, A.J. & Hong, T.D. (1997) Cryopreservation of somatic embryoids of Phoenix dactylifera. Curr. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. Agric. 30 Omar, M.S., Hameed, M.K. & Al-Rawi, M.S. (1992) Micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In Bajaj, Y.P.S. (Ed), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Protoplast and Genetic Engineering, Vol. 18, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 471–492. Reuveni, O. (1979) Embryogenesis and plantlets growth of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) derived from callus tissues. Plant Physiol. 63, 138. Reynolds, J.F. & Murashige, T. (1979) Asexual embryogenesis in callus cultures of palms. In vitro 15, 383–387. Saker, M., Adawy, S., Mohamed, A. & El-Itriby, H. (2006) Monitoring of cultivar identity in tissue culture-derived date palms using RAPD and AFLP analysis. Biol. Plant. 50, 198–204. Srisawat, T., Kanchanapoom, K., Pattanapanyasat, K., Srikul, S. & Chuthammathat, W. (2005) Flow cytometric analysis of oil palm: a preliminary analysis for cultivars and genomic DNA alteration Songklanakarin. J. Sci. Technol. 27, 645–652. Sudhersan, C., Abo El-Nil & Al-Baiz, A. (1993) Occurrence of direct somatic embryogenesis on the sword leaf of in vitro plantlets of Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivar Barhee. Curr. Sci. 65, 887–888. Tisserat, B. (1979) Propagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in vitro. J. Exp. Bot. 30, 1275–1283. Tisserat, B. (1984) Date palm. In: Sharp, W.R., Evans, D.A., Ammirato, P.V. & Yamada, Y. (Eds), Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Vol. 2, Macmillan Publishing Company, NY, pp. 505–545. Tisserat, B., Gabr, M.F. & Sabour, M.T. (1985) Viability of cryogenically treated date palm pollen. Date Palm J. 4, 25–31. Veramendi, J. & Navarro, L. (1996) Influence of physical conditions of nutrient medium and sucrose on somatic embryogenesis of date palm. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 45, 159–164. Zaid, A. (2002) Date Palm Cultivation. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 156, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4360e/y4360e00.htm Zouine, J., El Bellaj, M., Meddich, A., Verdeil, J.-L. & El Hadrami, I. (2005) Proliferation and germination of somatic embryos from embryogenic suspension cultures in Phoenix dactylifera. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 82, 83–92.
CHAPTER 47 LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES AS AN EFFECTIVE LIGHTING SOURCE FOR IN VITRO BANANA CULTURE D.T. NHUT 1* , N.T. DON 1 AND M. TANAKA 2 1 Da Lat Institute of Biology, 116 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Da Lat, Lam Dong, Viet Nam 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan *E-mail: duongtannhut@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Plantains and bananas (Musa spp.) are important staple crops in tropical and subtropical countries. They are an excellent source of carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Their trade also creates a considerable income as a cash crop. In vitro propagated plants are an increasing material of choice because of disease control, uniformity and rapid multiplication of elite genotypes. However, growers face higher cost of production and pay up to five times more than for suckers, which restricts the potential use of in vitro culture (Robinson, 1996). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been demonstrated as an artificial flexible lighting source, which has a significant effect on the biological processes. Numerous studies have shown the effects of LEDs on plants such as elongation, axillary shoot formation, leaf anatomy, and rhizogenesis (Hoenecke et al., 1992; Robin et al., 1994a,b; Tennessen et al., 1994; Tripathy & Brown, 1995; Okamoto et al., 1996; Tanaka et al., 1998) as well as on animals such as cellular proliferation, collagen synthesis, growth factor metabolism in cells, cell growth enhancement, and cancer treatment (Whelan et al., 2001; Eels et al., 2003; Schmidt et al., 2004). The LEDs have a wide range of applications, such as a radiation source for plant production, investigations on animal nerve system and cell growth, and other applications for fishery and creative nature photographing, etc. Light-emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants have attracted a considerable interest in the recent years because of its vast commercial potential (Nhut, 2005). Bula et al. (1991) described the characteristic features of gallium aluminum 527 S.M. Jain and H. Häggman (eds.), Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits, 527–541. © 2007 Springer.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
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242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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244 of donor individuals and/or by
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246 J. MALÀ ET AL. Karnosky, D.F.,
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CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
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CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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