Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L. 219 Figure 2. A) Micropropagated plantlets of Salix caprea, 4 weeks after transfer to the soil. B) Sallow plantlets at the end of the first growing period in the nursery. 3. CONCLUSION Salix caprea L. (sallow) belongs to the rapidly growing willow species, but is difficult to propagate via conventional vegetative methods like hardwood cuttings. Micropropagation can facilitate the supply of plant material from juvenile or adult trees selected for outstanding growth or resistance characteristics. For tissue culture establishment, plant material harvested in the field, grown in the greenhouse or in the nursery was used. After surface disinfection, explants were put on hormone-free basic nutrient medium enriched with activated charcoal. In cases of spontaneous rooting, subsequently the plants were used several times for microcutting propagation. To improve the rooting success, a pulse treatment with high IBA concentration was applied. After transfer to soil under greenhouse conditions, acclimatized Salix plants from micropropagation could be cultivated for one or two years in the nursery until use for field plantations. 4. REFERENCES Agrawal, D.C. & Gebhardt, K. (1994) Rapid micropropagation of hybrid willow (Salix) established by ovary culture. J. Plant Physiol. 143, 763–765. Bergman, L., von Arnold, S. & Eriksson, T. (1985) Effects of N 6 -benzyladenine on shoots of five willow clones (Salix ssp.) cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 4, 135–144. Bornman, C. (1983) Possibilities and constraints in the regeneration of trees from cotyledonary needles of Picea abies in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 57, 5–16. Büttner, K., Zander, M. & Feuerhahn, B. (2006) Vermehrungsmöglichkeiten schwer vermehrbarer alpiner Gehölze mit dem Schwerpunkt alpiner Salix-Arten/-hybriden. 43. Gartenbauwissenschaftliche Tagung, Potsdam, BHGL Schriftenreihe, Bd. 24, ISSN 1613-088X, 208.
220 G. NAUJOKS Chung, P.G. & Carrasco, B.G. (2000) Micropropagación de Salix spp. a través de meristemas foliares. Paper at the 21th Session of the International Poplar Commission, Sept. 2000, Portland, Oregon. http://www.infor.cl/webinfor/PW-Salix/Publicacion/mas%20de%20cultivo%20in%20vitro.htm . Gebhardt, K. (1992) Grundlagen der Züchtung pharmazeutisch wertvoller Weiden. Die Holzzucht 46, 9–14. Grönroos, L., von Arnold, S. & Ericsson, T. (1989) Somatic embryos from callus of Salix viminalis L. In Dreyer, E. et al. (Eds) Forest Tree Physiology. Ann. Sci. For. 46 suppl. pp. 108–109. Liesebach, M. & Naujoks, G. (2004) Approaches on vegetative propagation of difficult-to-root Salix caprea L. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 79, 239–247. Lloyd, G. & McCown, B. (1981) Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Int. Plant Prop. Soc. Proc. 30, 421. Neuner, H. & Beiderbeck, R. (1993) In vitro propagation of Salix caprea L. by single node explants. Silvae Genetica 42, 308–310. Santos, B.R., Paiva, R., Martinotto, C., Nogueira, R.C. & Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, P. (2005) Indução de calos friáveis em explantes foliares de Salix (Salyx humboldtiana Willd). Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 35, 510–514. Stoehr, M.U., Cai, M. & Zsuffa, L. (1989) In vitro plant regeneration via callus culture of mature Salix exigua. Can. J. For. Res. 19, 1634–1637.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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Page 182 and 183: CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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Page 188 and 189: Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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Page 212 and 213: 210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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Page 248 and 249: CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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Page 252 and 253: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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Page 256 and 257: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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CHAPTER 29 MICROPROPAGATION OF CASH
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW 2.2.1. E
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW axillary
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW Table 1.
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASHEW shade an
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CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND MUTANT MUL
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336 R.I. IYER compounds (Iyer et al
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A 338 2.2. Culture Medium R.I. IYER
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340 R.I. IYER Figure 2. Formation o
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342 R.I. IYER Figure 3. Formation o
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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